Digestive Flashcards
- Define digestion, alimentary, and gastrointestinal tract.
1.Mechanical & physical breakdown of food, followed by its absorption. Alimentary = GI tract = all of the organs listed in #3.
- Briefly describe the overall 5 steps of the digestive process.
2.Ingestion, movement, digestion, absorption, defecation
- List the organs of the GI tract.
3.Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
- List the digestive accessory organs.
4.Salivary glands, teeth, tongue, pancreas, liver, gall bladder
- Describe the 4 layers of the GI tract microstructure.
5.Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa = visceral peritoneum
- Define parietal and visceral peritoneum, and peritoneal cavity.
6.Parietal peritoneum is the shiny lining of the abdominal cavity, visceral peritoneum is the shiny outer surface of the abdominal viscera and the cavity is between the two.
- List and describe the location of the 5 peritoneal folds.
7.Falciform ligament from liver to ventral body wall, Mesentery proper from the SI to the dorsal body wall, Mesocolon/rectum from the LI to the dorsal body wall, Greater omentum from the greater curvature of stomach, draping over SI, to dorsal body wall; Lesser omentum from the lesser curvature of stomach to liver.
- Describe the boundaries of the oral cavity.
8.Hard palate (palatine bones & palatine process of maxilla), tongue, cheeks, soft palate
- Describe the labial frenulum, lingual frenulum, bolus, and papillae.
9.Labial frenulum from inner lips to gums, lingual frenulum from lower tongue to floor of mouth, bolus is ball of food ready to swallow, papillae are bumps on tongue including taste buds
- Describe the tissue that comprises the tongue.
10.Skeletal muscle and mucous membrane
- Describe the location of the 4 main taste zones.
11.Sweet - tip; sour - sides; bitter - back; salt - just posterior to sweet
- Name the 3 pairs of salivary glands.
12.Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
- Describe the function, composition, and secretion control of saliva.
13.Lubricate & moisten food & kill bacteria, mostly water plus lysozyme, amylase & mucins; PNS & food & mouth irritation increase salivation, SNS & fear & dehydration decrease salivation
- Define gingiva.
14.Gums
- Describe the general structure of a tooth (cementum, enamel, pulp cavity, dentin, crown, root, neck, apical foramen, periodontal ligament).
15.Cementum is bone-like material covering root, enamel is calcified hard covering of crown, pulp cavity is where blood vessels and nerves are present; Dentin is bone-like material comprising the bulk of the tooth, crown is part of tooth showing in the mouth, root is part not showing embedded in jaw alveoli; neck is junction at gum line between root and crown; apical foramen is hole in the root for entry/exit of nerves and blood vessels; periodontal ligament holds root into the alveoli.
- Name the hardest substance of the tooth.
16.Enamel
- Define the directional terms: Labial, buccal, lingual, palatal, and occlusal.
- Labial is nearest lips, buccal is nearest cheek, lingual is nearest tongue, palatal is nearest palate & occlusal is chewing surface
- How many temporary and how many adult teeth in a normal person.?
18.20/32
- Describe ingestion, mastication, and deglutition.
19.Ingestion is eating, mastication is chewing, deglutition is swallowing.
- Define pharynx, esophageal hiatus, peristalsis, and esophageal sphincters.
20.Pharynx is throat, esophageal hiatus is hole in diaphragm for esophagus to pass into abdominal cavity; peristalsis is wavelike rippling contraction, and esophagus has circular muscles at superior & inferior ends.
- Describe the function of the esophagus.
21.Transport food
- Describe the 4 areas and 2 curves of the stomach.
22.Cardiac region is where esophagus enters into stomach, fundus is storage pouch to the left of cardia, body is majority of stomach, pylorus is inferior end of stomach. Convex border is greater curvature, concave border is lesser curvature
- Describe the location of the pyloric sphincter.
23.Gastroduodenal junction
- Name the substances that comprise gastric juice; name the cells that produce them.
24.Parietal cells make HCl; mucus cells make mucus; Zymogenic cells make pepsinogen