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A&P Practical 2 > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

List the flow of the digestive tract

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, hepatic colic flexure, transverse colon, splenic colic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

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2
Q

List the salivary glands

A

sublingual (under tongue)
submandibular (under mandible)
parotid (in front of ears)

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3
Q

How many permanent teeth do we have?

A

32

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4
Q

How many central incisors?

A

4: 2 upper, 2 lowerH

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5
Q

How many lateral incisors?

A

4: 2 upper, 2 lower

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6
Q

How many cuspids? (canines)

A

4: 2 upper, 2 lower

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7
Q

How many premolars?

A

8: 4 upper, 4 lower

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8
Q

How many molars?

A

12: 6 upper, 6 lower

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9
Q

What is the dental formula?

A

I2/2, C1/1, P2/2, M3/3

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10
Q

Explain the dental formular

A

I 2/2: two incisors on both sides of mouth (central and lateral)

C1/1: 1 canine on each side of mouth

P2/2: two premolars on each side of mouth

M3/3: three molars on each side of mouth

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11
Q

What are the three main regions of a tooth?

A

Crown (visible)
Neck (touches gingiva)
Root

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12
Q

What two structures hold the tooth in place?

A

Cementum
Periodontal ligaments

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13
Q

What is the hard, outer layer of a tooth?

A

Enamel

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14
Q

What is the periosteum around a tooth’s root?

A

Cementum

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15
Q

What is the internal cavity of a tooth containing vessels and nerves?

A

Pulp cavity

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16
Q

What is between the enamel and the pulp cavity of a tooth?

A

Dentin

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17
Q

List the 4 regions of the stomach

A

Cardiac
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

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18
Q

What is the area of the stomach that contains the cardiac sphincter (gastroesophageal)?

A

Cardiac

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19
Q

What is the domed, superior part of the stomach where air often gets caught?

A

Fundus

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20
Q

What part of the stomach has both lesser and greater curvatures?

A

Body

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21
Q

What part of the stomach is known as the gatekeeper and contains the pyloric sphincter?

A

Pylorus

22
Q

Which omentum connects the duodenum and stomach to the liver and diaphragm?

A

Lesser Omentum

23
Q

Which omentum connects the stomach to the transverse colon and helps cover the intestines?

A

Greater Omentum

24
Q

What is the lesser omentum also known as?

A

Ventral mesentary

25
Q

What is the greater omentum also known as?

A

dorsal mesentary

26
Q

What is the opening to the omental bursa called?

A

Epiploic foramen

27
Q

What are the wrinkles in the stomach mucosa called (help the stomach expand)?

A

Rugae

28
Q

What cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase?

A

Chief cells

29
Q

What is the precursor of pepsin?

A

Pepsinogen from chief cells

30
Q

What cells in the stomach secrete HCl?

A

Parietal cells

31
Q

Which blood vessel nourishes the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Gastroduodenal Artery

32
Q

Which blood vessels nourish the lesser curvature and fundus of the stomach?

A

Right and Left gastric arteries

33
Q

Identify the small intestine cell:

simple columnar epithelium
Absorptive cells

A

Enterocytes

34
Q

Identify the small intestine cell:

secrete mucin
provides a protective layer

A

goblet cells

35
Q

Identify the small intestine cell:

secretory cells
located in the intestinal crypts (crypt of Lieberkuhn)

A

Paneth cells

36
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

37
Q

What liver structure drains bile from the liver to the common bile duct?

A

Hepatic duct

38
Q

What liver structure is a remnant of the umbilical vein and connects the falciform ligament to the umbilicus?

A

Round ligament

39
Q

Which lobe of the liver is smaller?

A

Left lobe

40
Q

Which lobe of the liver is hidden on the posterior side between the right and left lobes?

A

Caudate lobe

41
Q

What pancreatic cells secrete glucagon?

A

Alpha cells

42
Q

What pancreatic cells secrete insulin?

A

Beta cells

43
Q

What pancreatic cells secrete digestive enzymes?

A

Acinar cells

44
Q

What are the two pancreatic structures that open into the duodenum?

A

Major duodenal papilla
Minor duodenal papilla

45
Q

What is the major duodenal papilla?

A

opening for common bile duct and main pancreatic duct

46
Q

What is the minor duodenal papilla?

A

opening for the accessory pancreatic duct

47
Q

What vessel supplies the liver?

A

Common hepatic artery

48
Q

What vessel supplies the spleen?

A

Splenic artery

49
Q

What vessel supplies the kidneys?

A

Renal arteries

50
Q

Which veins drain into the hepatic portal vein?

A

Superior mesenteric vein
Splenic vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
Gastric veins

51
Q

Which organs drain into the hepatic portal vein?

A

stomach
pancreas
gallbladder
spleen
small intestine
large intestine

52
Q

Where does the hepatic portal vein empty into?

A

inferior vena cava

A&P Practical 2 (4 decks)

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