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ANAPHY | DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > DIGESTIVE > Flashcards

DIGESTIVE Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of digestive system

A

Ingestion and Mastication
Propulsion and Mixing
Digestion and Secretion
Absorption
Elimination

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2
Q

Consumption of solid or liquid food usually through the mouth.

A

Ingestion and Mastication

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3
Q

Mastication is

A

Chewing

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4
Q

the movement of food form one end of the digestive tract to the other.

A

Propulsion

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5
Q

the movement of food back and forth in the digestive tract.

A

Mixing

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6
Q

the breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller molecules.

A

Digestion

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7
Q

the addition of liquid, enzymes and mucus to the ingested food.

A

Secretion

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8
Q

Digestion occurs through

A

Mechanical and chemical

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9
Q

Movement of molecules out of the digestive tract into the blood or lymphatic system.

A

Absorption

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10
Q

Removal of the undigested material such as fiber from food, and other waste products from the body as feces

A

Elimination

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11
Q

Consist digestive/gastrointestinal tract and associated organs

A

Anatomy of the Digestive System

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12
Q

Serous membrane that lines the Peritoneal cavity

A

Perotoneum

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13
Q

are artificially enlarged for illustrative purposes

A

Peritoneal cavity

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14
Q

Tunics/layers of gi tract

A

Serosa
Muscularis (outer layer)
Muscularis (inner layer)
Submucosa
Mucosa
Mesentry

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15
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Serosa

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16
Q

Longitudinal smooth muscle

A

Muscularis (outer layer)

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17
Q

Circular smooth muscle

A

Muscularis (inner layer)

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18
Q

plexus

A

Submucosa

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19
Q

Mucous epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis mucosae

A

Mucosa

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20
Q

the serosa on each side of the tube fuses together to form a suspensory structure

A

Mesentry

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21
Q

General term referring to serous membranes attached to the abdominal organs.

A

Mesentry

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22
Q

Associated with small intestine

A

Mesentry Proper

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23
Q

Connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver and diaphragm

A

Lesser Omentum

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24
Q

Connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon and posterior body wall

A

Greater Omentum

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25
Q

divided into 2 regions: (1) space between the lips or cheeks and the teeth (2) oral cavity proper which lies inside the teeth and houses the tongue

A

Oral Cavity

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26
Q

Two regions of Oral Cavity

A

(1) space between the lips or cheeks and the teeth
(2) oral cavity proper which lies inside the teeth and houses the tongue

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27
Q

are important in the process of mastication.

A

Lips and cheeks

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28
Q

a large muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity.

A

Tongue

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29
Q

the teeth of an adult is called

A

Secondary/Permanent (32)

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30
Q

childhood teeth is called

A

primary /deciduous (20)

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31
Q

The bulk of the tooth is formed by living cellular calcified tissue

A

Dentin

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32
Q

The dentin is covered by ___ in the crown region.

A

enamel

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33
Q

contains pulp which consist of blood vessels.

A

Pulp cavity

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34
Q

Each teach is held in place within pockets in the bone called

A

Alveoli

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35
Q

alveoli are covered by

A

Gingiva or gums

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36
Q

forms the roof of the oral cavity that separates the oral from nasal cavity.

A

Palate

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37
Q

2 parts of palate

A

Hard and Soft Palate

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38
Q

anterior part that contains the bone

A

Hard Palate

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39
Q

posterior parts and contains skeletal muscle and connective tissue.

A

Soft Palate

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40
Q

the posterior extension of the soft plate

A

Uvula

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41
Q

produce saliva and regulated primarily by Autonomic nervous system with parasympathetic stimulation.

A

Salivart Glands

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42
Q

serous gland located just anterior to each ear.

A

Parotid glands

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43
Q

enter the oral cavity through the 2nd upper molar

A

Patorid ducts

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44
Q

located below the mandible.

A

Submandibular

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45
Q

Produce more serous than mucous secretions

A

Submandibular

46
Q

smallest gland and produce mainly mucous secretions

A

Sublingual glands

47
Q

0.5 – 1.5 L daily

A

Saliva

48
Q

mixture of
(1)serous (watery)
(2) mucous fluids – contains mucin that is stimulated
by sympathetic

A

Saliva

49
Q

breaks down starch

A

Salivary amylase

50
Q

3 main functions of salivary amylase

A

(1) keeps oral cavity moist
(2) protective functions (lysozyme antibacterial enzyme, neutralizes mouth ph)
(3) begins the process of digestion – 5 % of total carbohydrates.

51
Q

which food is crushed and mixed with saliva to form a bolus for swallowing.

A

Mastication

52
Q

Increases efficiency of digestion

A

Mastication

53
Q

connects the mouth to the
esophagus.

A

Pharynx

54
Q

3 parts of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

55
Q

moist stratified squamous epithelium, that extends from the pharynx to the stomach. It is approx.

A

Esophagus

56
Q

25 cm long and lies anterior to the vertebrae and posterior to the trachea.

A

Esophagus

57
Q

a muscular hollow organ which temporarily stores ingested food and continue the process of mechanical digestion. Made up of simple columnar epithelium.

A

Stomach

58
Q

It has a ‘J’ shape, and features a lesser and greater curvature.

A

Stomach

59
Q

The stomach has four major regions

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

60
Q

Folds in the stomach

A

Rugae

61
Q

semifluid mixture of food and gastric secretions

A

Chyme

62
Q

help regulate the gastric secretions.

A

Gastrin and Intestine

63
Q

Stomach secretions (2 L) of the Gastric glands include four substances.

A

Hydrochrolic acid
Pepsin
Mucus
Intrinsic factor

64
Q

kills microorganism and activates the enzyme,
pepsin (produced by parietal cells)

A

Hydrochloric acid

65
Q

breaks covalent bond of proteins to from smaller peptide chains

A

Pepsin

66
Q

lubricates the epithelial cells of the stomach wall

A

Mucus

67
Q

binds with vit b12 and makes its more readily absorbed in the small intestine

A

Intrinsic factor

68
Q

medulla oblongata

A

CNS reflex

69
Q

enteric plexus in the wall of GT

A

Local reflex

70
Q

Movement in the Stomach

A

Mixing and Peristaltic waves

71
Q

Weak contractions

A

Mixing waves

72
Q

Strong contractions

A

Perilastic waves

73
Q

major function is absorption of nutrient. It is about 6 m long and consist of three parts.

A

Small intestine

74
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

75
Q
  • smallest section (25 cm long)
  • described as a C-shaped located below the stomach that surrounds the pancreas
A

Duodenum

76
Q

Receives stomach chyme, pancreatic juice and bile from liver and gallbladder via duodenal ligament. (cholecystokinin and secretin hormone)

A

Duodenum

77
Q

The suspensory muscle of duodenum marks the division between the duodenum and the
jejunum.

A

Duodenum

78
Q

2.5 m long that absorb sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids.

A

Jejunum

79
Q

longest part (3.5 m long)
It absorbs any final nutrients, with major absorptive products being vitamin B12 and bile acids.

A

Ileum

80
Q

small aggregates of lymphatic tissue found in the mucosa of the ileum.

A

Peyer’s patches

81
Q

The small intestine has three modifications that increase its surface area about

A

600 fold

82
Q

The mucosa and submucosa form a series of ____ that run perpendicular to the long axis of the digestive tract.

A

circular folds

83
Q

Tiny, fingerlike projections of the mucosa form numerous ___, which are 0.5–1.5 mm long

A

villi

84
Q

Each villus is covered by simple columnar epithelium. numerous cytoplasmic extensions,
called

A

Microvilli

85
Q

The largest internal organ and weights about 1.36 kg.

A

Liver

86
Q

takes oxygen rich blood to the liver

A

Hepatic artery

87
Q

carries blood that is oxygen poor but rich in absorbed nutrients
and other substances form digestive tract

A

Hepatic portal vein

88
Q

Blood exit through the

A

Hepatic vein

89
Q

The liver produce and secretes about

A

600-1000 bike each day

90
Q

complex alkaline solutions that contain bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, lipids, lipid soluble hormone, and lecithin( mixture of phospholipids).

A

Bile

91
Q

retroperitoneal and posterior to the stomach

A

Pancreas

92
Q

composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissues

A

Pancreas

93
Q

pancreatic islets, or islets of Langerhans that produce the hormone insulin and glucagon.

A

Endocrine

94
Q

composed of acinar glands.

A

Exocrine

95
Q

produce digestive enzymes that empties into the pancreatic duct.

A

Acini cells

96
Q

important in digesting all major classes of foods.

A

Pancreatic enzymes

97
Q

The major protein digesting enzyme (PROTEOLYTIC) are

A

(1)Trypsin
(2)chymotrypsin and (3) carboxypeptidase.

98
Q

continue the polysaccharide digestion that began in the
oral cavity.

A

Pancreatic amylase

99
Q

lipid digesting enzyme

A

Lipase

100
Q

degrade DNA and RNA into nucleotides.

A

Nucleases

101
Q

-It extends from ileocecal junction to the anus.

A

Latge intestine

102
Q

Chyme is converted into

A

Feces

103
Q

process of elimination of feces

A

Defecation

104
Q

small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat

A

Omental appendices

105
Q

are saccules in the colon that give it its segmented appearance.

A

Haustra

106
Q

small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon and upper part of the rectum

A

Teniae coli

107
Q

proximal end of the large intestines where it joins the small intestine in the ileocecal junction. Located on the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Attached to the cecum is the appendix.

A

Cecum

108
Q

approximately 1.5 – 1.8 m long and can be divided into four parts: ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid (terminal portion).

A

Colon

109
Q

The mucosal lining of the colon is

A

crypts

110
Q

cypts contains many mucous producing

A

goblet cells.

111
Q

straight muscular tube that begins in the termination of sigmoid colon and anal canal. The muscular tunic is composed od smooth muscle and is relatively thick in the rectum compared to the rest of the digestive tract.

A

Rectum

112
Q

he last 2-3 cm of digestive tract. Begins at the inferior end of rectum and ends at the anal canal.

A

Anal canal

ANAPHY | DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (1 decks)

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