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MCAT Biology > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

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1
Q

Amylase

A

break down starch

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2
Q

Chief cells

A
  1. in stomach (gastric cell)

2. secrete pepsinogen

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3
Q

Mucous cells

A
  1. in stomach (gastric cell)

2. secrete mucus (protect muscular wall)

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4
Q

Parietal cells

A
  1. in stomach (gastric cell)

2. secrete HCl

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5
Q

Gastric gland

A

establish milieu in stomach, secreting juices

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6
Q

Pyloric gland

A

mix and maintain milieu; secrete gastrin

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7
Q

Gastrin

A
  1. hormone secreted by in stomach (stimulated by incoming food)
  2. secrete more HCl, mix contents of stomach
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8
Q

Stomach= site for __

A

digestion, not absorption

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9
Q

Pepsin

A
  1. digest proteins
  2. active form of pepsinogen (secreted by chief cells)
  3. in stomach!
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10
Q

Cardiac sphincter= lower esophageal sphincter

A

between esophagus and stomach

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11
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

between stomach and duodenum

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12
Q

Small intestine=site of ____

A

digestion and absorption

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13
Q

Pancreatic juice

A
  1. in bircarbonate solution, to neutralize acidic chyme
  2. contains enyzmes to digest all 3 types of nutrients:
    a. pancreatic amylase
    b. pancreatic peptidases
    c. lipase
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14
Q

Pancreatic peptidases

A

typsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastinogen, and carboxypeptidase

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15
Q

Bile

A
  1. emulsify fats (into micelles)

2. made in liver, stored in gall bladder

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16
Q

CCK

A
  1. secreted by small intestine

2. release pancreatic juices and bile

17
Q

Small intestine enzymes

A 
disaccharidases (maltase, lactase, sucrase)
peptidases (dipeptidase)
enterokinase
secretin
CCK
18
Q

Secretin

A
  1. secreted by small intestine (due to HCl)

2. release pancreatic juices

19
Q

Enterogastrone

A
  1. secreted by duodenum

2. slow movement of chyme, allowing more time to digest fat

20
Q

Chylomicron

A
  1. insoluble packages, encasing TGs and esterified cholesterol
  2. enter lymph system via lacteals
21
Q

Large intestine

A
  1. Cecum- appendix, connect to small intestine
  2. colon- reabsorb water and salts
  3. rectum- store feces
22
Q

Enterokinase

A
  1. secreted by intestinal glands

2. activates trypsinogen–> trypsin, which activates carboxypeptidase

23
Q

Trypsin

A
  1. secreted by pancreas, but acts in small intestine

2. hydrolyzes peptide bonds

24
Q

Lipase

A
  1. secreted by pancreas

2. hydrolyze lipids

25
Q

salivary amylase

A
  1. secreted by mouth

2. hydrolyze starch–> maltose

26
Q

pancreatic amylase

A
  1. secreted by pancreas

2. hydrolyze starch–> maltose

27
Q

maltase, sucrase, lactase

A
  1. secreted by intestinal glands

2. hydrolyze maltose–>2 glucose; sucrose–> glucose+fructose; lactose–> glucose+galactose

MCAT Biology (3 decks)

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