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MCAT bio > Digestion system > Flashcards

Digestion system Flashcards

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1
Q

Peristalsis

A

Contraction of the smooth muscle in the digestive tract that pushes along partially digested food.

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2
Q

Pylorus

A

The bottom of the stomach

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3
Q

Fundus

A

The top of the stomach

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4
Q

Rugae

A

Inner part of the stomach (has many folds)

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5
Q

Exocrine cells

A

Cells that excrete a substance to specific locations in external evironment

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6
Q

Parietal cells

A

These cells secrete HCL. Carbonic acid is created in the cell, with H+ going to lumen and bicarbonate going into the blood. Uses active transport, so has lots of mitochondria

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7
Q

Chief cells

A

Secrete pepsinogen

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8
Q

G cells

A

Secrete gastrin to stimulate parietal cells. Activated by proteins in stomach

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9
Q

Purpose of mucous cells

A

Protect lining of stomach and provide lubrication (glycoproteins)

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10
Q

Acetylcholine

A

activates secretions of all cell types in the stomach

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11
Q

Gastrin and histamine

A

Increase the secretion of HCL

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12
Q

Trypsin and Chymotrypsin

A

Pancreatic enzymes. Degrades proteins to small polypeptides

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13
Q

Amylase

A

In both saliva and pancreas, hydrolyses polysaccharides to di and tri-saccharides

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14
Q

Lipase

A

Pancreatic enzyme that degrades fat, specifically triglycerides

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15
Q

Bile

A

Secreted by the gall bladder. Increases the surface area of fat.1

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16
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine; where most digestion occurs.

17
Q

Jejunum and Ileum

A

Second and third parts of the small intestine; where most absorption occurs.

18
Q

Brush border

A

Lumen side of intestinal epithelial cells with microvilli. Contains membrane-bound enzymes for digesting carbohydrates, peptidases, nucleosidases.

19
Q

Goblet cells

A

A cell of the intestinal lining that secrete mucous.

20
Q

Bicarbonate

A

Secreted by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid.

MCAT bio (2 decks)

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