Digestion in Swine

Question 1

swine are ______ and have a ______

Answer 1

monogastric, simple/glandular stomach

Question 2

swine eat this type of diet

Answer 2

omnivorous

Question 3

mouth (swine)

Answer 3

• used primarily for grinding feed (mechanical digestion)
• pigs do not typically chew that much
• saliva has a pH of 7.4 and moistens feed/helps in chewing and swallowing

Question 4

Name the three pairs of salivary glands (swine)

Answer 4

1. parotid
2. mandibular
3. submaxillary

Question 5

Pigs produce this enzyme in their saliva - and are the only ‘farm’ animal with any amount of it in the saliva

Answer 5

ptyalin or salivary amylase

Question 6

why is salivary amylase bad at its job? (swine)

Answer 6

feed does not stay in the mouth long enough, and the enzyme is denatred in the stomach

Question 7

how much can a pig’s stomach hold?

Answer 7

2 gallons

Question 8

What are the components of gastric juice in pigs

Answer 8

1. mucin (produced by neck cells)
2. HCl (produced by parietal cells)
3. pepsin/ogen (produced by chief cells)

Question 9

Where does digestion of protein start? Where is it completed?

Answer 9

starts in the stomach, ends in the SI

Question 10

How long is the pig’s small intestine? How much can it hold?

Answer 10

60ft long, holds 2.5 gallons

Question 11

What is the function of the small intestine secretions in terms of digestion? (Pancreatic, bile, duodenum, etc.)

Answer 11

1. pancreatic juice - enzymatic digestion
2. bile - chemical digestion
3. duodenal juice - enzymatic
4. movement of intestinal wall - mechanical digestion

Question 12

Where does absorption occur?

Answer 12

the main site of absorption is the jejunum and the secondary site of absorption is the ileum

Question 13

What are the components of pancreatic juice?

Answer 13

enzymes for proteins, fats, and CHO
buffers like sodium carbonate and bicarbonate
insulin for CHO metabolism

Question 14

Bile

Answer 14

• produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder
• emulsifies fat
• aids in the digestion of fat soluble vitamins
• activates lipase

Question 15

what is the main source of lipase?

Answer 15

pancreatic lipase

Question 16

what does lipase do?

Answer 16

converts fat into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 17

How are carbohydrates digested?

Answer 17

pancreatic amylase - converts starch into maltose

brush border enzymes - maltase, sucrase, and lactase

Question 18

Brush border enzymes and functions

Answer 18

1. maltase - converts maltose to 2 a-D-glucoses
2. sucrase - converts sucrose to an a-D-glucose and b-D-fructose
3. lactase - converts lactose into a glucose and galactose
4. isomaltase - converts isomaltose into 2 glucoses

Question 19

Protease enzymes (4) and function

Answer 19

1. Trypsin (pancreas) - secreted as zymogen trypsinogen, activated by Ca ions and the enyzme enterokinase from brush border. Trypsin breaks proteins down into amino acids and peptides
2. Chymotrypsin (pancreas) - secreted as chymotrypsinogen, activated by trypsin, breaks down proteins into amino acids and peptides
3. carboxypeptidase (pancreas) - secreted as procarboxypeptidase, activated by trypsin, breaks peptides down into amino acids
4. Aminopeptidase (brush border) - acts on small peptides, breaks them down to amino acids

Question 20

go look at the diagram in your notes for digestion :^) (swine)

Question 21

Large intestine (swine)

Answer 21

-16ft in length, holds 2.5 gallons
- consists of colon and cecum, and terminates as the rectum at the anus
- the cecum is 10in long, holds 0.5 galons
- the colon is 16ft long and holds 2 gallons

• absorbs WATER, VFAs, and acts as a reservoir for waste materials!!!!!