Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMAG 116 - anatomy (semester 2) > Digestion II > Flashcards

Digestion II Flashcards

1
Q

what does the mucosa in the small intestine contain

A

Brunner’s glands which secrete mucous to neutralise gastric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the deep crevices which form the walls of the small intestine lined with

A

glandular epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the glandular epithelium form intestinal glands called

A

crypts of Lieberkuhn which secrete intestinal juice. This together with pancreatic juice aids absorption of constituents of chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the epithelial cells at this part of the small intestine begin what process

A

absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what aids absorption

A

brush border enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the main 3 types of brush border enzymes

A

1) Dextinase, maltase, sucrase and lactate
2) peptidase
3) nucletide digesting enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

dextrinase, maltase, sucrase and lactase all digest

A

carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is peptidase

A

protein digesting enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the mucosa lining the inner walls covered with

A

villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are villi and what does it do

A

finger like projections that increase the surface area for digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the villi house and why

A

an arteriole/venule and lymphatic vessel because walls are so thin the passage of nutrients is possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do the globlet cells secrete

A

mucous aiding digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do paneth cells do

A

regulate the number of microbes- keeping the environment optimum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of micro-villi

A

smaller than villi- increase the surface area further to aid digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many micro-villi and estimated per square millimeter

A

200 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are pilcae circulares

A

deep folds within intestine again serve to increase surface area for successful digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do the plicae circulares enable

A

the chyme to spiral rather than travel in a straight line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is segmentation

A

a movement of the intestine to bring the food contents in close contact with the mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how many times is the food sloshed back and forth per min in duodenum and in the ileum

A

12 times per min in duodenum and 8 times per min in the ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does intestinal distention trigger

A

nerve impulses to stimulate motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is peristalis in the small intestine called

A

migrating motility complex (MMC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does the MMC do

A

moves food through the GIT 1cm/1min controlled by nervous impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how long does it take from the stomach to the end of the small intestine

A

120 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what do all carbohydrates become for absorption

A

monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

fructose and glucose are monosaccarides and absorbed by

A

diffusion or active transport through the lumen of the villi

26
Q

what do proteins become and how are they absorbed through the lumen of the villi

A

become amino acids and are absorbed by active transport

27
Q

monosaccarides and amino acids enter blood stream and transported to

A

the liver

28
Q

what do triglycerides and diglycerides become

A

monoglycerides by the action of bile

29
Q

what are monoglycerides converted to and by what

A

glycerol and fatty acids by lipase

30
Q

glycerol and fatty acids recombine with proteins to become

A

phospholipids which are too large to pass into the bloodstream

31
Q

where do phospolipids enter

A

the lymphatic system and drain eventually into the bloodstream through the subclavian vein. They are transported to the liver for further breakdown

32
Q

how are electrolytes absorbed by

A

sodium/potassium pumps and diffusion and secondary transport

33
Q

how are vitamins absorbed

A

mostly by simple diffusion but vitamin B12 needs intrinsic factor and needs active transport for absorption

34
Q

how is water absorbed

A

via osmosis but fluctuates as it is dependent on the concentration of electrolyte balance within water.
approx 8.3 litres water absorbed
90& absorption takes place in small intestine

35
Q

where does alcohol absorption begin

A

in stomach

36
Q

alcohol is absorbed more quickly in

A

the small intestine as larger surface area

37
Q

what does the presence of fat do

A

slows gastric emptying so blood alcohol level rises slower as remains in stomach longer

38
Q

gastric alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme found within the stomach do what

A

break down alcohol into non intoxicating elements

39
Q

the longer the alcohol remains in the stomach

A

the less enters the bloodstream

40
Q

what is the large intestine in length and diameter

A
  1. 5 m in length

6. 5cm in diameter

41
Q

where does the small intestine start and end

A

commences at ileo-caecal valve and finishes at anal orifice

42
Q

what 9 things does the large intestine consist of

A

1) caecum & appendix
2) ascending, transverse, descending & sigmoid colon
3) rectum & anal column

43
Q

where does the caecum hang

A

below ileo-caecal valve

44
Q

what is the appendix

A

small coiled tube (8cm)

45
Q

where is the ascending colon

A

ascends right side of abdomen and turns left under the liver at hepatic flexure

46
Q

where does the transverse colon go

A

travels across to left side of the abdomen

47
Q

where does the transverse colon turn to become the descending colon

A

splenic flexure

48
Q

where does the descending colon travel

A

down the left side of the abdomen

49
Q

at the level of iliac crest, what does the descending colon become

A

the sigmoid colon where it travels towards midline terminating at the 3rd sacral vertebra= rectum

50
Q

name 3 things about the rectum

A

1) 20cm long
2) has good blood supply
3) has internal and external muscular sphincter

51
Q

the mucosa in the large intestine

A

have no villi an no permanent folds, but do have goblet cells which secrete mucus to assist passage through intestine

52
Q

the muscularis in the large intestine

A

have external/longitudinal fibres and internal/circular fibres

53
Q

what is the Taeniae coli in the large intestine

A

bands of muscle fibre which run the length of the large intestine and gather it into haustral folds during contraction

54
Q

name 5 functions of the large intestine

A

1) haustral churning
2) peristalsis
3) mass paristalsis
4) chemical digestion
5) pressure receptors

55
Q

what is haustral churning in the large intestine

A

process movement of food contents from one haustra to the next

56
Q

how many contractions per min does the peristalsis do

A

12 contractions/min to move food along

57
Q

what is the function of the mass peristalsis

A

move food from mid transverse colon to rectum in strong peristaltic movement

58
Q

how is chemical digestion in the large intestine carried out

A

bacterial action breaks down any remaining carbohydrates and prepares waste products for elimination

59
Q

what do pressure receptors in the rectal walls do

A

recognise the need for expulsion although voluntary control of external sphincter controls rate of release

60
Q

prior to expulsion, what is the large intestine responsible for

A

absorption of remaining water- approx 100mls along with electrolytes such as sodium

IMAG 116 - anatomy (semester 2) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions