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Digestion- Biochem Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Food + Saliva

A

Bolus

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2
Q

Bolus is moved through GI by

A

Peristalsis

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3
Q

Peristalsis is stimulated by

A

Distention
Law of the Gut
Irritation
Parasympathetic Nerves

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4
Q

Peristalsis is inhibited by

A

Sympathetic Nerves

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5
Q

Chewing ___ surface area

A

increases

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6
Q

Digestion in the Mouth

A

Carbs & Lipids

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7
Q

Top and bottom parts of esophagus

A

top: esophageal sphincter
bottom: gastroesophageal sphincter

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8
Q

Part of esophagus that causes reflux

A

gastroesophageal sphincter

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9
Q

Stages of swallowing in esophagus

A

1 Pharyngeal Phase

2 Esophageal Phase

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10
Q

Pharyngeal Phase

A

Folds pulled medially to form a slit, preventing large food from entering

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11
Q

Esophageal Phase

A

Moving food through for peristalsis

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12
Q

Parts of the stomach

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Antrum

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13
Q

Cardia

A

Walmart greeter

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14
Q

Fundus

A

gas collector

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15
Q

Body

A

gastric juices

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16
Q

Antrum

A

Peristalsis

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17
Q

Stomach is connected to SI by

A

Pyloric Sphincter

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18
Q

Stomach Cells

A

Neck
Chief
Parietal
Enteroendocrine

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19
Q

Neck Cells

A

mucus and bicarbonate

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20
Q

Chief Cells

A

Enzymes

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21
Q

Parietal Cells

A

HCl and intrinsic factor
Required for B12 and digest/kill off protein
*are stimulated by gastrin

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22
Q

Enteroendocrine Cells

A

Hormones

Secrete G cells (gastric)

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23
Q

Digestion in Stomach

A

Lipids

Proteins

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24
Q

Gastric Juice + Bolus

A

Chyme

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25
Q

Liver receives blood from

A

Portal Vein

26
Q

Storage in liver

A

Iron
B12
Vitamin A
Vitamin D

27
Q

Metabolic Function of Liver- Carbs

A
  • gluconeogenesis
  • storage of glucose
  • turning sugars to glucose
28
Q

Metabolic Functions of Liver- Lipids

A
  • Oxidation of fatty acids

- Synthesis of Triglyceride, Lipoproteins, cholesterol, bile, phospholipids

29
Q

Metabolic Function of Liver- Protein

A
  • Plasma Proteins
  • Formation of urea
  • Amino acid inter conversion
30
Q

Detoxification in Liver

A

Phase I: cytochrome P450

Phase 2

31
Q

Cells in pancreas

A

Endocrine cells

Exocrine cells

32
Q

Endocrine Cells

A

Insulin
Glucagon
(hormones)

33
Q

Exocrine Cells

A

Bicarbonate

Digestive enzymes

34
Q

Digestion in SI by Pancreatic Enzymes

A

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins

35
Q

Secretion of Gallbladder with CCK

36
Q

Function of bile in gallbladder

A

increase surface area of lipids

37
Q

Motilin increased motility in

A

Stomach
SI
LI

38
Q

When is Motilin secreted

A

fasted state

39
Q

Parts of Small Intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

40
Q

Duodenum

A

Most digestion occurs

Secretes bile

41
Q

Jejunum

A

Most absorption occurs

42
Q

Layers of Small Intestine

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa

43
Q

Mucosa

A

Makes secretions – Brush Border enzymes

44
Q

Brush Border enzymes digestion in SI

A

Carbs
Proteins

*In mucosa of SI

45
Q

Submucosa

A

controls secretions in submucosal plexus

46
Q

Muscularis Externa

A

Peristalsis occurs in Myenteric Plexus

47
Q

Serosa

A

Protection

48
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

Inhibitory and Stimulatory Neurotransmitters

49
Q

Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

A

Norepinerphine

50
Q

Stimulatory Neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine – causes contraction

51
Q

Water is absorbed in

A

Large Intestine

52
Q

Fermented products in LI

A

Gas

Short-chained fatty acids

53
Q

Decreases gastric motility

A

Secretin
CCK
GIP

54
Q

Gastrin stimulated by Parietal Cells of Stomach

A

Increases motility

55
Q

CCK in Pancreas and Gallbladder

A

stimulates bicarbonate secretion in exocrine cells of pancreas
stimulates secretion of everything in gallbladder (*Only hormone to that causes gallbladder to secrete bile)

56
Q

GIP in Pancreas

A

Stimulates secretion of insulin in endocrine cells

regulates blood glucose

57
Q

Secretin in Pancreas

A

Stimulates bicarbonate secretions

opposes action of gastrin

58
Q

Hunger

A

Physiological need to eat

59
Q

Satiety

A

Feeling of fullness

60
Q

Appetite

A

Psychological want to eat

Palmer (1 decks)

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