Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GUT (DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY : GMH) > Digestion and absorption of the food groups > Flashcards

Digestion and absorption of the food groups Flashcards

Carbohydrates Vitamins and minerals Dietary lipids Protein

1
Q

YOU SKIPPED CARBS

A

GO BACK AND DO IT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 2 water soluble vitamins?

A

B and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 2 fat soluble vitamins?

A

K and A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do vitamins/ nurtients enter circulation?

A

Not directly, Through the hepatic portal vein and then filtered through the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a lacteal?

A

the lymphatic vessels of the small intestine which absorb digested fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do digested fats go after the lacteal?

A

Into a thoracic duct whihc joins circulation at the neck (subclavian vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What needs to occur for Vitamin B12 absorption

A

Intrinsic Factor needs to be secreted by parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Vitamin K used for (general) ?

A

Blood coagulation + bone health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is Vitamin K1 found in nature?

A

Leafy green veggies (spinach, broccoli etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 types of vitamin K ?

A

Phylloquinone (K1), Menaquinone (K2), and artificially synthesised vit K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where can Vitamin K2 be found in nature?

A

Animal foods (meat, eggs, dairy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is Vitamin K absorbed?

A

Ileum and jejunum of the small bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is vitamin K absorbed?

A

Carried through the enterocytes by a large fat goblet cell (micelle) -> enteres bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can vitamin K deficieny present as?

A

Abnormal bruising or frank bleeding?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Vitamin K’s essential function?

A

Blood coagulation and synthesising clotting factors in the clotting cascade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does Vitamin K contribute to the regulation of the clotting cascade?

A

Vitamin K helps synthesize Protein C and Protein S, which play a crucial role in the clotting cascade by providing negative feedback in the form of anticoagulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the impact of Vitamin K on calcium metabolism?

A

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of regulatory proteins, osteocalcin and matrix Gla-protein (MGP). Osteocalcin encourages bone calcification, while MGP inhibits calcification of blood vessels, contributing to calcium metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does Vitamin K potentially prevent osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease?

A

By ensuring calcium stays in the bones through the action of osteocalcin and inhibiting calcification of blood vessels with MGP, Vitamin K is thought to prevent the development of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the role of Vitamin K in the liver?

A

Vitamin K acts as a coenzyme for y-glutamyl carboxylase, an enzyme responsible for converting the inactive forms of factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X into their active forms through the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues.

20
Q

Where does the digestion of dietary fats begin?

A

In the stomach

21
Q

What is the first step in the digestion of dietary fats?

A

Broken down into small droplets by gastric lipase

22
Q

What is the 2nd step of dietary fat digestions?

A

The small droplets move to the small intestine where they are further digested by pancreatic lipase

23
Q

What does pancreatic lipase do?

A

Breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides

24
Q

What happens after triglycerides are broken into free fatty acids and monoglycerides?

A

They are solubilized by bile acids from the liver (acting as emulsifers)

25
Q

What is Cholecystokinin?

A

A hormone that stimulates contraction of gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter of oddi

26
Q

Why is Cholecystokinin important?

A

CCK signals the gallbladder to contract, pushing out bile. This relaxes the sphincter, allowing bile to enter the small intestine and break down fats.

27
Q

What are enterocytes?

A

Cells that make up the intestinal lumen

28
Q

What are Micelles?

A

water-soluble particles that carry the end products of fat digestions in their lipid soluble interiors

29
Q

How are fatty acids and monoglycerides taken up by the enterocytes?

A

Through passive diffusion

30
Q

What are Chylomicrons?

A

Lipoproteins that transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body

31
Q

What is dietary protein broken down into?

A

Individual amino acids

32
Q

What is the first step of digestion of protein in the stomach?

A

Gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and pepsin initiate the chemical digestion of protein

33
Q

How is chyme made?

A

Through muscule contractions (Peristalsis) of the stomach churning partially digested protein together

34
Q

What is the pH of the stomach?

A

1.5-3.5

35
Q

What is the low pH in the stomach important for protein digestion

A

It causes food proteins to denature unfolding into polypeptide chains

36
Q

Why is insulin injected?

A

It would be denatured in the stomach from the acid

37
Q

What is the 2nd step in the digestion of proteins in the stomach?

A

Once proteins are denatured pepsin then breaks peptide bonds creating shorter polypeptides

38
Q

Where does the majority of protein digestion occur?

A

The small intestine

39
Q

What are the 2 major pancreatic enzymes that digest proteins in the small intestine?

A

Chymotrypsin and typsin

40
Q

What does typsin do?

A

It activated other protein-digesting enzymes called proteases

41
Q

How do broken down proteins enter the enterocytes of the small intestine?

A

Through active transport systems using ATP

42
Q

What happens to proteins that arent fully giested in the small intestine?

A

They pass to the large intestine and are eventually exreted in the faeces

43
Q

Where does amino acids go once in the blood

A

To the liver

44
Q

What happens to amino acids if the body has enough glucose / energy?

A
  1. protein synthesis in the cells
  2. making nonessential amino acids for protein synthesis
  3. rearranged and sotred as fast
45
Q

What happens to amino acids if the body does not have enough glucose / energy?

A
  1. rearranged into glucose for fuel
  2. metabolised as fuel for a source of atp
46
Q

What needs to occur to use amino acids to make ATP, Glucose or Fat?

A

Nitrogen has to be removed (deamination)

47
Q

How is nitrogen released from the body?

A

first as ammonia which the liver transforms into urea, then excreted in urine

GUT (DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY : GMH) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions