Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

week 46 > Digestion and Absorption Disorders > Flashcards

Digestion and Absorption Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Malabsorption Syndromes

A
  • Pancreatic Insufficiency
  • Bile Salt Deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pancreatic Insufficiency

A
  • lack of pancreatic digestive enzymes
    • lipase
    • amylase
    • trypsin
    • chymotrypsin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of Pancreatic Insufficiency

A
  • Pancreatitis
  • Pancreatic Carcinoma
  • Pancreatic Resection
  • Cystic Fibrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primary Problem of Pancreatic Insufficiency

A
  • Fat maldigestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most common signs of Pancreatic Insufficiency?

A
  • Fatty Stools (steatorrhea)
  • weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment of Pancreatic Insufficiency

A
  • Lipase supplements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bile Salt Deficiency

A
  • Poor intestinal absorption of lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bile salt deficiency caused by

A
  • liver disease
  • bile obstructions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most common signs of bile deficiency

A
  • fatty stools
  • diarrhea
  • loss of fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bile Salt Deficiency treatment

A
  • increase medium-chain triglyercides (MCFA-MCT-oil) in diet
  • Parenterally administer fat soluble vitamines A,D,E,K
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

General Symptoms of Fat Malabsorption

A
  • steatorrhea
    • foul stools
    • flatulence
    • abdominal distension
    • abdominal cramping
  • Diarrhea: irritating products of colonic bacteria
    • SCFA (small chain fatty acids) stimulate colonic crypt Cl- secretion
    • Diarrhea: >100/250mL of water/liquid per day in stool
  • Fat malnutrition:
    • weight loss
    • fatigue
    • neuropathy
      • nervous tissue composed of fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fat soluble Vitamin Deficiency Symptoms:

A
  • A
    • night blindness
  • D
    • osteopenia
    • osteoporosis
    • rickets
  • E
    • capillary fragility
    • bruising
    • bleeding
    • stress
  • K
    • clotting disorders
    • bleeding
    • anemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diagnosis of Fat Malabsorption:

A
  • Confirmation test:
    • fecal fat test
      • normal: <7g/day
  • Determine cause: includes general malabsorption
    • imaging:
      • endoscopy of upper GI
        • barium contrast may detect disease
    • Blood tests
      • Vitamins A, D, E, & K
      • Iron/Hct/RBCs
      • Vitamin B12
      • Folate
    • Fectal tests
      • fecal elastase
        • for pancreatic insufficiency
      • Fecal osmotic gap:Osmolarity
        • >100=osmotic diarrhea
          • malabsorption
        • <50=secretory Diarrhea
          • solutes are ions
          • due to colonic secretions
    • Provacative/Functional Tests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diagnosis of Fat Malabsorption: Provacative Malabsorption Tests

A
  • Bile salt absoprtion
    • measure absorption of radiolabeled bile salts
    • low absorption=damage to terminal ileum or chemical interference (ex: lipid lowering drugs)
  • Schilling Test
    • measure radiolabelled B12 absorption
    • If low repeat with intrinsic factor
      • if absorption low in both, cause=terminal ileum
      • absorption is low w/o IF=gastric
  • D-xylose
    • Transported by SGLT1 but not metabolized
    • measure in urine over several hours
    • low=intestinal disease
      • celiac, Crohn’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fat Malabsorption: Gastric Causes

Etiology

A
  • Gastric Insufficiency from disease process
    • gastritis
  • Reduced and delayed emulsification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fat Malabsorption: Gastric Causes

Severity and Symptoms

A
  • Severity:
    • Moderate fat malabsorption
  • Symptoms:
    • Odorous stools
    • flatulence
    • abdominal cramps
    • fecal incontenence
    • Deficiencies in B12 or iron
      • not A, D, E, K
17
Q

Fat Malabsorption: Gastric Causes

Diagnosis

A
  • Schilling test
  • Anemia Tests
18
Q

Fat Malabsorption: Gastric Causes

Treatment

A
  • Treat underlining causes/condtions
  • Decrease dietary fat intake
  • increase small meal frequency
19
Q

Fat Malabsorption: Liver/Gallbladder

etiology

A
  • Reduced bile salts and phospholipids
20
Q

Fat Malabsorption: Liver/Gallbladder

Severity and Symptoms

A
  • Severity:
    • moderate
  • Symptoms:
    • Odorous stools
    • flatulence
    • abdominal cramps
    • fecal intolerance
    • fat souble vitamin deficiency syndromes
21
Q

Fat Malabsorption: Liver/Gallbladder

Treatment

A
  • Treat underlying causes
  • decrease fat intake
  • increase small meal frequency
  • Dietary Ursodeoxycholic acid (non-detergent bile salt)
22
Q

Fat Malabsorption: Intestinal

Etiology

A
  • Reduced absorption
  • usually intestinal disease or short bowel syndrome
  • other genetic or acquired casues
23
Q

Fat Malabsorption: Intestinal

Severity and Symptoms

A
  • Severity:
    • variable depending on disease
  • Symptoms:
    • Fat, carbohydrate, protein or vitamin deficiency
24
Q

Fat Malabsorption: Intestinal

Treatment

A
  • Treat undelrying causes/condition
  • parenteral nutrition
25
Q

Fat Malabsorption: Other causes

A
  • Lymph Obstruction (Lymphangiectasia)
  • Cellular Processing
  • Other
    • MCFA enter by gap juncitons
26
Q

Lymph Obstruction

A
  • Aka lymphangiectasia
  • tumor or other growth
    • wilson/parasite disease
  • typically presents w/fat malabsorption
  • Biopsy
    • chylomicrons in lamina propria
27
Q

Cellular Processing

A
  • Genetic Lesions to:
    • golgi
    • ER
    • chaperone proteins
    • cytoskeleton
    • transport proteins
    • apoproteins
    • B lipoprotein (most common)
    • exocytosis
  • Biposy:
    • fat in organelles or accumulated chylomcrons
28
Q

Fat Malabsorption: Other causes

Treatment

A
  • Treat underlying condition
  • MCFA
  • parenteral nutrietion or diet
29
Q

Carbohydrate Intolerance

etiology

A
  • Enzyme deficiencies
    • Congenital
      • rare
      • lactase or sucrase
    • Acquired
      • primary adult hypolactasia
      • use it or loose it phenomenom
    • Secondary
      • mucosal damage
        • celiac
        • crohns
30
Q

Disaccharidase Deficiencies

A
  • Lactose Intolerance
    • lactase=inducible enzyme
    • neonatal and adults forms
    • 37% of US population is lactase deficient
    • Tx: Abstinence
  • Sucrose Intolerance
    • 1 in 10,000
    • tx: avoid sucrose (cane or beet sugar)
31
Q

Carbohydrate: Transport Deficiencies

A
  • Fructose intolerance
    • Deficient GLUT5
      • most common monosaccharide malabsorption syndrome
    • Symptoms:
      • Like lactose intolerance
    • Tx:
      • reducing fructose or adding glucose or sucrose
  • Other:
    • Lack of Na-glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1)
      • tx: substitute fructose for glucose
32
Q

Protein Digestion Disorders

A
  • Pancreatic Insufficiency
  • Gastric Disorder
  • Amino Acid transport disorder
33
Q
A

week 46 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions