Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Digestion and absorption AAU > Digestion and absorption AAU > Flashcards

Digestion and absorption AAU Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion of various food is by the process of

A

hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Digestion is?

A

different types of food are broken in the absorbable units “ principally in the small intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Absorption is ?

A

the products of digestion and vitamins, minerals and water crosses mucosa and enter the blood or lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carbohydrate Digestion the mouth ?

A

Salivary α amylase acts on polysaccharides
starches is hydrolyzed into maltose
not more than 5 %of all the starches will have become hydrolyzed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Carbohydrate Digestion In the stomach ?

A

Salivary α amylase is essentially nonactive once the pH below 4.0.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carbohydrate Digestion In the intestine?

A

Pancreatic α amylase
the carbohydrates are almost totally converted into maltose and/or other very small glucose polymers before passing beyond the duodenum or upper jejunum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Products of starch digestion by α amylase ?(3)

A
  1. Disaccharides: maltose.
  2. Trisaccharides: maltotriose.
  3. Short polymesr: α dextrins.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

enzymes found in the brush border ?(5)

A
  1. α dextrinase
  2. Maltase
  3. Sucrase
  4. Lactase
  5. Trehalase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

α dextrinase:

A

Acts on alpha dextrins, maltose & maltotroise. α dixtrinase also known as isomaltase it hydrolyses 1:6α linkages. along with maltase and sucrase it also breaks down maltotriose and maltose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Maltase?

A

Acts on maltose to give glucose -glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sucrase ?

A

Acts on sucrose to give glucose =fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lactase?

A

Acts on lactose give glucose + galactose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trehalase:

A

Acts on trehalose to give glucose+glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The absorbed units of carbs enter

A

portal circulation portal vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glucose absorption On luminal membrane

A

Accomplished by carries for co-transport to inside the cell
Sodium –glucose transports 1 & 2 (SGLT1 & SGLT2).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glucose absorption On basolateral membrane?

A

(carriers for facilitated diffusion to the ISF). Glucose transporters 1 & 2 (GLUT1 & GLUT2).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Glucose transporter sensitive to insulin

A

GLUT-4

found in fat & muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Galactose Absorption?

A

Similar to glucose (i.e.co transported with sodium “secondary active transport”).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fructose Absorption by

A

Facilitated diffusion that is Independent of Na

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fructose Absorption To enterocytes by

A

GLUT5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fructose Absorption To interstitial by

A

GLUT2

22
Q

Pentose Absorption

A

Absorbed by simple diffusion

Produced from metabolism of nucleic acids.

23
Q

Protein Digestion In the mouth?

A

No enzyme for digestion.

24
Q

Protein Digestion In the Stomach?

A 
Enzymes
gelatinase :  liquefies gelatin 
Pepsin :  It hydrolysis the bond between aromatic amino acids and a second amino acid
Product
polypeptides with very divers sizes.
25
Q

pepsin (activation , inhibition )

A

Pepsinogen in low pH activated to pepsin

Pepsin activity inhibited by alkaline secretion of the pancreas

26
Q

Protein Digestion In the intestine?

A

Enzymes
Pancreatic endopeptidases (Trapsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase)
Pancreatic exopeptidase (Caboxypeptidases A & B)
Product
They produce Di & Tri peptides but not aminoacids( endopeptidases )
Some free aminoacids liberated in the intestinal lumen ( exopeptidase )

27
Q

Endopeptidases act at

A

interior peptide bonds.

28
Q

carboxipeptidases hydrolyses aminoacids at

A

carboxyl and amino ends.

29
Q

proteolytic enzyme found in the brush border ?

A

Aminopeptidases
Carboxipeptidases
Endopeptidases
Dipeptidases

30
Q

digestion of aminoacids occur in three locations

A
  1. Intestinal lumen.
  2. Brush boarder.
  3. Cytoplasm of mucosal
31
Q

Products of Protein Digestion ?

A
  • Free amino acids.
  • Dipeptides.
  • Tripeptides.
32
Q

The absorbed units of protein enter

A

portal circulation

33
Q

Absorption of free Amino Acids ?

A

Co transport with sodium (mainly)

34
Q

Absorption of Dipeptides & Tripeptides?

A

By a mechanism involving hydrogen ions

35
Q

absorption Complete Protein Undigested

A

Occurs in infants for IgA antibodies in milk

by endocytosis

36
Q

Abnormalities of Protein Digestion & Absorption?

A

Absorption of foreign proteins induces antibody formation;

Congenital defects in the mechanism of amino acid absorption

37
Q

Lipid Digestion In the mouth ?

A

Lingual lipase (acts on triglycerides). Lingual lipase digest as much as 30% of triglycerides

38
Q

Lipid Digestion In the stomach ?

A

Gastric lipase. Gastric lipase is of little importance.

39
Q

Lipid Digestion In the intestine (From the liver) ?

A

Bile salts, which cause emulsification and micelle formation

40
Q

Micelle contains ?

A
  1. Fatty acids.
  2. Monoglycerids .
  3. Cholesterol .
41
Q

Lipid Digestion In the intestine ( From the pancreas ) ?

A

Pancreatic lipase & Co lipase .

42
Q

Pro-colipase activated by ……. to colipase

A

trypsin

43
Q

co-lipase act on

A

emulsified fat

tri-glycerides ( HYDROLYSIS 1& 3bonds easily but 2-bondes slowly )

44
Q

co-lipase product

A
  1. Free fatty acids.

2. 2-monoglycerids.

45
Q

Bile salt activated lipase act on ?

A

cholesterol esters, ester of fat soluble vitamins, phospholipids as well as Triglycerides .

46
Q

The absorbed units of fats enter ?

A

portal circulation or lymphatics

47
Q

Fats entering the portal blood have carbons

A

No answer here

48
Q

Fats entering the lymphaties have carbons >(10-12)e.g. long chain free fatty acids and cholesterol.

A

No answer here

49
Q

Chylomicrons

A

Before entering the lymphatic’s, the long chain fatty acids and cholesterol are re-esterified within the cytoplasm of intestinal cells and become coated with protein & phospholipids to from it

50
Q

Chylomicrons are released to lymphatic’s by ?

A

exocytosis.

51
Q

Steatorrhoea

A

Loss of more than 5 grams of fat in stool per day. Steatorhoea is caused by conditions that impairs of Fat Digestion & Absorption

52
Q

Nucleic acids digestion ?

A
  1. Deoxiribonucleases act on DNA and release nucleotides
  2. Ribonucleases act on RNA release nucleotides
  3. Then different nucleases releases pyrimidines and purine bases.

Digestion and absorption AAU (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions