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Biology NCERT > Digestion And Absorption > Flashcards

Digestion And Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

Thecodont means

A

Each tooth is embedded in a socket of jaw bone

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2
Q

Deciduous teeth refers to

A

Temporary teeth

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3
Q

Dentition of humans is diphyodont. It means

A

Two sets of teeth in life

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4
Q

Total number of permanent teeth are

A

32

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5
Q

Dental formula of adult humans

A

2123/2123

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6
Q

Human babies lacks __________ teeth

A

Premolars

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7
Q

Dental formula of human babies

A

2102/2102

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8
Q

Part of teeth which helps is mastication is

A

Enamel

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9
Q

Hardest material (tissue) of human body is

A

Enamel

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10
Q

Tongue is attached to floor of oral cavity by which tissue

A

Frenulum

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11
Q

Which surface of tongue bear papillae

A

Upper surface

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12
Q

True/False :- All papillae of tongue bears taste buds

A

False. Not all bears taste buds

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13
Q

Common passage of food and air is

A

Pharynx

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14
Q

Glottis is

A

Opening of wind pipe

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15
Q

Other name of wind pipe is

A

Trachea

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16
Q

Epiglottis is present at opening of

A

Trachea

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17
Q

Diaphragm is present

a) above stomach and lungs
b) above stomach but below lungs
c) below stomach and lungs
d) none of the above

A

b) above stomach but below lungs

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18
Q

Shape of stomach is

A

J-shape

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19
Q

True/False :- There is a sphincter at the opening of pharynx and trachea

A

False

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20
Q

True/False :- There is a sphincter at the opening of pharynx and oesophagus

A

False

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21
Q

Name of the sphincter present at the opening of oesophagus and stomach

A

Gastro-oesophageal sphincter

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22
Q

True/False :- Stomach is located at upper right portion of abdominal cavity

A

False. It is located at upper right portion of abdominal cavity

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23
Q

The major parts of stomach are

A
  1. Cardiac
  2. Fundic
  3. Pyloric
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24
Q

Premolar and molar are

A

Bicuspid and tricuspid respectively

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25
Q

Part of stomach which opens into small intestine

A

Pyloric

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26
Q

Part of stomach in which oesophagus opens is

A

Cardiac

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27
Q

First part of small intestine is

A

Duodenum

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28
Q

Longest part of alimentary canal is

A

Small intestine

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29
Q

Shape of first part of small intestine is

A

U-shape

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30
Q

Parts of small intestine are

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
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31
Q

Highly coiled part of small intestine is

A

Ileum

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32
Q

Part of small intestine which opens into large intestine is

A

Ileum

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33
Q

Parts of large intestine are

A
  1. Caecum
  2. Colon
  3. Rectum
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34
Q

Large intestine is

a) Larger in length
b) Larger in diameter

A

b) larger in diameter

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35
Q

True/False :- Small intestine is longest part of alimentary canal

A

True

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36
Q

Small intestine is

a) smaller in length
b) smaller in diameter

A

b) smaller in diameter

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37
Q

True/False :- Caecum is small blind sac

A

True

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38
Q

Part of large intestine which host symbiotic microorganisms is

A

Caecum

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39
Q

A vestigial organ is attached to caecum is

A

Vermiform appendix

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40
Q

Shape of appendix is

A

Vermiform, finger like and tubular projection

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41
Q

Sequence of large intestine is

A

Caecum < Colon < Rectum

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42
Q

Sequence of small intestine is

A

Duodenum < Jejunum < Ileum

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43
Q

Parts of second part of large intestine is

A

Second part of large intestine is colon

Parts of colon are

1) ascending colon
2) transverse colon
3) descending colon

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44
Q

Sequence of parts of colon is

A

Ascending colon < Transverse colon < Descending colon

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45
Q

Descending colon opens into

A

Rectum

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46
Q

True/False :- Third part of colon opens into third part of large intestine

A

True
Third part of colon :- Descending colon
Third part of large intestine :- Rectum

Descending colon opens into rectum

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47
Q

Rectum opens out through

A

Anus

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48
Q

True/False :- Rectum is the opens out to excrete urine

A

False.

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49
Q

Four layers of wall of alimentary canal are

A
  1. Serosa
  2. Muscularis
  3. Sub-mucosa
  4. Mucosa
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50
Q

Sequence of wall layers of alimentary canal from outer to inside is

A

Serosa < Muscularis < Sub-mucosa < Mucosa < Lumen

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51
Q

Two layers of Muscularis are

A
  1. Inner circular layer

2. Outer longitudinal

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52
Q

Serosa is made up of

A

Thin mesothelium and connective tissues

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53
Q

Mesothelium is

A

Epithelium of visceral organs

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54
Q

Muscularis is formed by

A

Smooth muscles

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55
Q

Sub-mucosal layer is formed of

A

Loose connective tissues containing nerves

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56
Q

Nerves, blood and lymph in alimentary canal is present in which wall layer?

A

Sub-mucosal layer

57
Q

Glands of duodenum is present in which wall layer of alimentary canal

A

Sub-mucosa

58
Q

Irregular folds of stomach are called

A

Rugae

59
Q

Rugae and villi are which wall layer of alimentary canal?

A

Μucosa

60
Q

Mucosal projection in small intestine is a called

A

Villi

61
Q

True/False :- Villi contains macro villi

A

False. It contains micro villi

62
Q

Large lymph vessel of found in villi is called

A

Lacteal

63
Q

Mucosal epithelium have __________ cells

A

Goblet cells

64
Q

Function of goblet cells is

A

Secrete mucus to help in lubrication

65
Q

Glands of stomach are called

A

Gastric glands

66
Q

Gastric gland is modification of which wall alimentary canal

A

Mucosa

67
Q

Crypts of liberkuhn are located at

A

In between bases of villi

68
Q

True/False :- Villi is found in whole intestine

A

False. It is found only in small intestine

69
Q

Which wall of alimentary canal shows modifications?

A

All the four layers show modifications in different parts of the alimentary canal

70
Q

Digestive glands associated with alimentary canal are

A
  1. Salivary glands
  2. Liver
  3. Pancreas
71
Q

Total pairs of salivary glands are

A

3 pairs

72
Q

Types of salivary glands with their locations are

A
  1. Parotid - Cheek
  2. Sub-maxillary/sub-mandibular - lower jaw
  3. Sub-lingual - Below tongue
73
Q

True/False :- Salivary glands are situated just outside the buccal cavity

A

True

74
Q

Largest gland of the body is

A

Liver

75
Q

Liver is situated in

A

abdominal cavity just below diaphragm

76
Q

Total number of lobes of liver are

A

2 lobes

77
Q

Structural and functional unit of liver is

A

Hepatic lobule

78
Q

Hepatic cells in hepatic cells are arranged in the form of

A

Cords

79
Q

Glisson’s capsule is

A

Thin connective tissue which covers each hepatic lobule

80
Q

Cells which secrete bile are

A

Hepatic cells

81
Q

Bile secreted by hepatic cells is stored in

A

Gall bladder

82
Q

Cystic duct is

A

Duct of gall bladder

83
Q

Bile secreted by hepatic cells pass through

A

Hepatic duct

84
Q

Which ducts unite to form common bile duct ?

A

Cystic duct + Hepatic ducts

85
Q

Which ducts unite to form hepato-pancreatic duct

A

Name itself says

Common bile duct + Pancreatic duct

86
Q

Hepato-pancreatic duct opens into

A

Duodenum

87
Q

Opening of hepato-pancreatic duct into duodenum is guarded by

A

Sphincter of Oddi

88
Q

True/False :- Liver is mixed gland (both exocrine and endocrine)

A

False

89
Q

True/False :- Pancreas is mixed gland (both exocrine and endocrine)

A

True

90
Q

Pancreas is situated at

A

Between the limbs of U-shaped duodenum

91
Q

Exocrine part of lover secretes

A

Pancreatic juice containing enzymes

92
Q

Pancreatic juice is alkaline or acidic?

A

Alkaline

93
Q

Endocrine part of pancreas secretes

A

Hormones :- Insulin and glucagon

94
Q

Process of digestion is accomplished by

a) only chemical processes
b) only mechanical processes
c) both mechanical and chemical processes

A

c) both mechanical and chemical processes

95
Q

Major functions done by bucal cavity for digestion of food are

A
  1. Mastication of food

2. Facilitation of swallowing

96
Q

Food after mastication and mixing up with saliva is called

A

Bolus

97
Q

Deglutition is the other name of

A

Swallowing

98
Q

Saliva secreted into oral cavity coantains

A
  • electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-)
  • Salivary amylase
  • Lysozyme
99
Q

Carbohydrate splitting enzyme secreted in oral cavity is

A

Salivary amylase

100
Q

True/False :- Lysozyme is secreted in oral cavity

A

True

101
Q

Amount of starch hydrolysed in oral cavity is

A

30%

102
Q

pH of enzyme in in oral cavity to hydrolyse starch is

A

6.8

103
Q

In oral cavity starch is hydrolysed to

A

Disaccharide :- Maltose

104
Q

The enzyme present in saliva which acts as an antibacterial agent is

A

Lysozyme

105
Q

Types of cells prensa in gastric glands are

A
  1. Mucus cells
  2. Peptic cells
  3. Parietal cells
106
Q

Which cells of gastric gland are called chief cells?

A

Peptic cells

107
Q

Which cells of gastric gland are called oxyntic cells

A

Parietal calls

108
Q

Chief cells (peptic cells) secrete

A

Proenzyme :- Pepsinogen

109
Q

Parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete

A

HCl and intrinsic factor (factor essential fo absorption of Vitamin B12)

110
Q

Period till which stomach stores food is

A

4-5 hours

111
Q

Movements of stomach for digestion is called

A

Churning movements

112
Q

Partially digested food in stomach is called

A

Chyme

113
Q

Pepsinogen is converted into active enzyme _________ on the action of __________ on it.

A

Pepsin, HCl

114
Q

Proteolytic enzyme of stomach is

A

Pepsin

115
Q

Pepsin converts _____a_____ into ____b____ and ____c____.

a, b, and c are respectively

A

a - Proteins
b - proteoses
c - peptones

116
Q

____ and ______ present in ______ play an important role in lubrication and protection of of mucosal epithelium from excoriation by the highly concentrated HCl

A

Mucus
Bicarbonates
Gastric juice

117
Q

Optimum pH required for pepsin is ________

This optimum pH is provided by ______ secreted by parental (or oxyntic) cells.

A

1.8

HCl

118
Q

Among the enzymes “renin” and “rennin” which enzyme is found in gastric juice of infants?

A

Rennin

119
Q

True/False :- Rennin is a proteolytic enzyme

A

True

120
Q

Rennin helps in digestion of

A

Milk proteins

121
Q

True/False :- Large amount of lipases are secreted by gastric glands

A

False. Small amount of lipases are secreted by gastric glands

122
Q

Inactive enzymes of pancreatic juice are

A
  1. Trypsinogen
  2. Chymotrypsinogen
  3. Procarboxypeptidases
  4. Amylases
  5. Lipases
  6. Nucleases
123
Q

True/False :- Pepsin is found in pancreatic juice

A

False

124
Q

Activator of enzyme trypsinogen is

A

Enterokinase

125
Q

Other name of intestianal juice is

A

succus entericus

126
Q

True/False :- Bile activates lipases

A

True

127
Q

Burnner’s gland is modification of which wall layer of alimentary canal?

A

Sub-mucosa

128
Q

Enzyme of Bile juice which helps in breakdown of carbohydrates is

A

Bile juice contains no enzymes

129
Q

Milk sugar is

A

Lactose

130
Q

Choose correct statements

  1. Fatty acid is soluble
  2. Fatty acids is insoluble
  3. Glycerol is soluble
  4. Glycerol is insoluble
A

2 and 4

131
Q

In which of the following diseases liver is affected?

  1. Diarrhoea
  2. Vomiting
  3. Jaundice
  4. Non of the above
A
  1. Jaundice
132
Q

Vomit centre is present in

A

Medulla

133
Q

T/F :- Decreased liquidity of faecal discharge is known as diarrhoea

A

False. Increased liquidity of faecal discharge is known as diarrhoea

134
Q

Faeces is retained in rectum in which disease?

A

Constipation

135
Q

Lipases helps in digestion of

A

Fats

136
Q

T/F :- Most of the water is reabsorbed in large intestine

A

True

137
Q

Valve between small and large intestine is

A

Ileo-caecal valve.

138
Q

Salivary amylase digest starch and converts it into

A

Maltose - a disaccharide

139
Q

One molecule of Maltose on action of enzyme maltase is converted into

A

2 molecules of glucose

Biology NCERT (9 decks)

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