Digestion and Absorption Flashcards
What is digestion?
Digestion is the process by which complex food substances are converted into simpler absorbable forms.
Why do we need digestion?
Biomacromolecules in food cannot be utilised by our body in its original form. They have to be broken down into simple substances in the digestive system.
Digestion is carried out by ______________ and ______________ methods.
Digestion is carried out by mechanical and biochemical methods.
Thecodont
Each tooth is embedded in the socket of the jaw bone. This type of arrangement is called thecodont.
Diphyodont
Dentition in which two sets of teeth are formed during a lifetime, i.e. deciduous teeth and permanent teeth.
Heterodont
Dentition in which teeth are differentiated into various types.
Dental formula in adult human beings-
2123/2123 (Incisors, Canines, Pre Molars, Molars)
Dental formula in children-
212/212 (I,C,M)
Functions of teeth:
Mastication of food
Tongue
- Freely movable muscular organ
- Mixes food with saliva.
- Attached to buccal cavity by frenulum
- Has papillae on surface, some of which bears
taste buds.
Epiglottis
Cartilaginous flap that prevents food from entering the glottis (opening of the wind pipe) during swallowing.
Stomach
- J-shaped bag like structure.
- Located in the upper left portion of the abdominal
cavity.
Gastro-oesophageal Sphincter
Regulates the opening of oesophagus into the stomach.
Parts of the Stomach
- Cardiac portion: oesophagus opens into this region
- Fundus
- Body: central portion
- Pyloric: opens into small intestine (duodenum)
Parts of the Small Intestine
- C-shaped duodenum
- Long coiled middle portion- jejunum
- Highly coiled ileum
Pyloric Sphincter
Controls the opening of stomach into duodenum.
Parts of Large Intestine
- Caecum
- Colon
- Rectum
Caecum
Small, blind sac which contains some symbiotic microorganisms.