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Zoology > Digestion and absorbtion > Flashcards

Digestion and absorbtion Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion is

A

Mechanical and biochemical Process

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2
Q

What kind of enzymes are used in digestion

A

Hydrolase

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3
Q

Which biomolecule is important for digestion

A

H2O

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4
Q

Origin of foregut

A

Ectodermal

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5
Q

Origin of midgut

A

Endodermal

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6
Q

Origin of Hindgut

A

Ectodermal

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7
Q

Buccal cavity

A

Space inside mouth

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8
Q

Vestibule

A

Space between teeth and cheeks

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9
Q

Incisors are meant for

A

Bitting and cutting

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10
Q

Hardest substance of body

A

Enamel

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11
Q

Origin of enamel

A

Ectodermal

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12
Q

Type of dentition according to which teeth are embedded in jaw bone

A

Thecodont

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13
Q

Type of dentition according to which the human bears two sets of teeth during lifetime

A

Diphoyodont

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14
Q

Teeth which are replaced on later stages of life/predentition are called

A

Milk teeth
Deciduous teeth
Replacing teeth
Temp teeth

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15
Q

Which teeth are absent in in primary dentition

A

PM and only 3rd Molar

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16
Q

How many teeth are called replacing teeth

A

20

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17
Q

Monphyodont theeth includes

A

2 PM and 3rd M= 12 teeth

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18
Q

Dental formula for milk teeth

A

2102/2102

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19
Q

Dental formula for permanent teeth

A

2123/2123

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20
Q

Different types of teeth is which type of dentition

A

Heterodont

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21
Q

Canines are for

A

Tearing

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22
Q

PM and M are for

A

Grinding

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23
Q

Dental formula for 16yr old

A

2122/2122

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24
Q

Tongue is which type of muscle

A

Skeletal muscle

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25
Q

Tongue is attached to?

A

Floor of oral cavity

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26
Q

Tongue is attached by

A

Frenulum

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27
Q

Upper surface of tongue have small projections called

A

Papillae

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28
Q

Common passage for food and air is

A

Pharynx

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29
Q

Function of pharynx

A

Deglutition

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30
Q

Oesophagus posterior or anterior

A

Posteriorly

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31
Q

Length of Oesophagus

A

22-25cm

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32
Q

Muscles of Oesophagus

A

Superior 1/3- skeletal
Inferior 2/3- smooth

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33
Q

Digestion and absorption is absent in which part of digestive system

A

Oesophagus

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34
Q

Which layer of gut is absent in upper part of Oesophagus

A

Serosa

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35
Q

In place of serosa which layes is present i. Upper part of Oesophagus

A

Tunica adventia

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36
Q

Muscular j shaped organ

A

Stomach

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37
Q

Stomach stores the food for how long

A

4-5 Hours

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38
Q

Oesophagus opens in which part of stomach

A

Cardiac

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39
Q

Which part of stomach is closer to diaphragm

A

Fundic

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40
Q

The sphincter in-between Oesophagus and cardiac

A

Gastroesophageal sphincter

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41
Q

Which part of stomach open into duodenum

A

Pyloric

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42
Q

Sphincter inbetween pyloric and duodenum

A

Pyloric sphincter

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43
Q

Which glands are present in duodenum

A

Bruners glands

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44
Q

Parts of small intestine in sequence

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum

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45
Q

Parts of large intestine in sequence

A

Ceacum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

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46
Q

Illeum opens in which part of large intestine

A

Cecum

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47
Q

Valve present between illeum and cecum

A

Illeo cecal valve

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48
Q

Blind sac common name of what

A

Cecum

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49
Q

Bruners glands are present where in duodenum

A

Sub mucosa

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50
Q

Crypts of liberkhun present where

A

Villi, S.I

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51
Q

Does L.I have villi or plica

A

No

52
Q

Function of large intestine

A

Fermentation of undigested food and absorption of water ions and some drugs

53
Q

What is the shape of duodenum

A

C shape

54
Q

Colon has which type of muscles

A

Smooth muscles
-Longitudinal
-circular

55
Q

Layers of gut outer to inner

A

Serosa
Muscularis
Sub mucosa
Mucosa

56
Q

Muscularis outer to inner

A

Longitudinal
Circular

57
Q

Are blood vessels present in mucosa

A

Yes

58
Q

Are lymph vessels present in mucosa

A

Yes

59
Q

Are nerves present in mucosa

A

No

60
Q

What is secreted by mucosal epithelium

A

Mucus

61
Q

Mucosa forms what in stomach

A

Gastric glands

62
Q

Mucosa has what in SI

A

Crypts of liberkhun in between the bases of villi

63
Q

Sub mucosa is formed of what

A

Loose/areolar connective tissue

64
Q

Nerves are present in sub mucosa

A

Yes

65
Q

Blood vessels are present in sub mucosa

A

Yes

66
Q

Lymph vessels are present in sub mucosa

A

Yes

67
Q

Muscularis is formed of which muscles

A

Smooth

68
Q

An extra layer of muscles in muscularis is present where and what is called

A

Stomach and oblique

69
Q

Serosa is made of which type of tissues

A

Mesothelium and some areolar connective tissue on upper side

70
Q

Lacteals are present where

A

In villi

71
Q

In lacteals lymph capillary does what

A

Abs fat soluble food and vit A D E K

72
Q

Blood capillaries present in lacteals does what

A

Ab warer vit B AND C

73
Q

What are present in crypts of liberkhun

A

Intestinal glands

74
Q

How Sympathetic nervous sytem regulates gut secretion and contraction

A

During emergency it activates and decreases the gut contraction and secretion

75
Q

How Parasympathetic nervous system regulates gut secretion and contraction

A

During normal conditions, increases contraction and secretion

76
Q

How many pairs are there of salivary glands

A

Three

77
Q

Location of parotid glands

A

Below cheek and ears

78
Q

Location of sub linguals

A

Below tongue

79
Q

Sub mandillary or maxillary location

A

Lower jaw

80
Q

Maximum saliva released by

A

Sub maxillary and mandibular

81
Q

Minumum saliva is released by

A

Sub linguals

82
Q

How much saliva released per day

A

1.5 L

83
Q

ph of saliva

A

6.8

84
Q

How much water is there in saliva

A

99.5%

85
Q

What 0.5 solutes there in saliva

A

Ions
Antibacterial
Enzymes
Mucus
Urea
Uric acid

86
Q

What ions are present in saliva and their roles

A

Sodium and potassium chloride- co factor for salivary amylase
Bicarbonate phosphate- maintain ph

87
Q

Antibacterial components in saliva

A

Lysozyme
Thiocyninde and immunoglobulin A

88
Q

Gastric glands are formed by

A

Fold of epithelial cells of mucosa

89
Q

Different types of cells in gastric glands

A

Parietal/oxyntic cells
Mucus neck cells
Peptic/chief cells

90
Q

Parietal cells release what

A

HCl
CIF factor responsible for abs of vit B12

91
Q

Mucus neck cells release what and its function

A

Mucus- protects from HCl and protien digestive enzymes

92
Q

Role of HCl in stomach

A

To give acidic environment for the enzymes to work

93
Q

Peptic cells release what

A

Zymogens/ inactive protien digesting enzymes

94
Q

Rooe of vitamin B12

A

Responsible for Maturation of RBC

95
Q

What happens is absence of Vit B12

A

Immature large size of RBC destroyed by macrophages leads to Macrocytic Anaemia or Pernicious Anaemia

96
Q

Role of HCL

A

-Acidic pH in stomach
-kills most of pathogen
-Activate zymogens
-convert Fe3+ to Fe2+

97
Q

What happens in case of Achlohydria

A

Fe Deficiency-microcytic anaemia

98
Q

Ph of gastic juice

A

1.5 to 2.0

99
Q

How much gastric juice released per day

A

2-3L/day

100
Q

What is there in infant gastic juice

A

HCL
Mucus
Pepsinogen
Prorennin
Gastric lipase

101
Q

Gastric juice of adult contains

A

HCL
Mucous
Pesinogen
Gastric lipase

102
Q

Position of pancreas

A

Present between the limb of c shape duodenum

103
Q

Pancreas is which type of gland

A

Heterocrine

104
Q

Exocrine part of pancreas does what

A

Release pancreatic juice

105
Q

Endocrine part of pancreas does what

A

Release hormones

106
Q

Duct of santorini does what

A

Release NaHCO3 containing watery fluid

107
Q

What is the pH of Pancreatic juice

A

7.8

108
Q

How much pancreatic juice is released per day

A

1.2

109
Q

Pancreatic juice contains

A

Protein digestive enzymes- trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase
Starxg digesting enzymes- amylases
Fat digesting enzymes-lipases
Nucleic acid digesting enzymes-nucleases

110
Q

What endocrine pancreas is consist of

A

Islets of langerhans

111
Q

Alpha cells release what

A

Glucagon hormone which increases blood glucose level and as a result there is hyperglycemia

112
Q

Beta cells does what

A

Release insulin and as a result blood glucose level decreases and hypoglycaemia occurs

113
Q

Role of s cells

A

Release somatostatin which inhibit secretion of alpha and beta cells

114
Q

Largest gland of human body

A

Liver

115
Q

Weight of liver

A

1.5kg

116
Q

Position of liver

A

Upper right side just below the diaphragm

117
Q

Unit of liver

A

Lobule

118
Q

Covering of live and lobule

A

Glisson’s capsule

119
Q

Gilsson’s capsule is which type of tissue

A

Thin irregular connective tissue

120
Q

Phagocytic cells in liver

A

Kupffer cells

121
Q

What concentrates bile

A

Gall bladder

122
Q

What is the function of liver

A

Production of bile juice for the emulsification of fats

123
Q

Composition of bile juice

A

95% water
5%- bile salts
Bile pigments which are produced by the breakdown of HB- billirubin and billivirdin

124
Q

What is released by intestinal glands

A

Succus entericus

125
Q

Amount of succus entericus released per day

A

1 L/day

126
Q

Ph of intestinal juice

A

7.8

127
Q

Succus entericus contains

A

Watery alkaline fluid from Bruners gland
And fluid from crypts of liberkhun

Zoology (2 decks)

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