Digestion and absorbtion Flashcards
1
Q
Digestion is
A
Mechanical and biochemical Process
2
Q
What kind of enzymes are used in digestion
A
Hydrolase
3
Q
Which biomolecule is important for digestion
A
H2O
4
Q
Origin of foregut
A
Ectodermal
5
Q
Origin of midgut
A
Endodermal
6
Q
Origin of Hindgut
A
Ectodermal
7
Q
Buccal cavity
A
Space inside mouth
8
Q
Vestibule
A
Space between teeth and cheeks
9
Q
Incisors are meant for
A
Bitting and cutting
10
Q
Hardest substance of body
A
Enamel
11
Q
Origin of enamel
A
Ectodermal
12
Q
Type of dentition according to which teeth are embedded in jaw bone
A
Thecodont
13
Q
Type of dentition according to which the human bears two sets of teeth during lifetime
A
Diphoyodont
14
Q
Teeth which are replaced on later stages of life/predentition are called
A
Milk teeth
Deciduous teeth
Replacing teeth
Temp teeth
15
Q
Which teeth are absent in in primary dentition
A
PM and only 3rd Molar
16
Q
How many teeth are called replacing teeth
A
20
17
Q
Monphyodont theeth includes
A
2 PM and 3rd M= 12 teeth
18
Q
Dental formula for milk teeth
A
2102/2102
19
Q
Dental formula for permanent teeth
A
2123/2123
20
Q
Different types of teeth is which type of dentition
A
Heterodont
21
Q
Canines are for
A
Tearing
22
Q
PM and M are for
A
Grinding
23
Q
Dental formula for 16yr old
A
2122/2122
24
Q
Tongue is which type of muscle
A
Skeletal muscle
25
Tongue is attached to?
Floor of oral cavity
26
Tongue is attached by
Frenulum
27
Upper surface of tongue have small projections called
Papillae
28
Common passage for food and air is
Pharynx
29
Function of pharynx
Deglutition
30
Oesophagus posterior or anterior
Posteriorly
31
Length of Oesophagus
22-25cm
32
Muscles of Oesophagus
Superior 1/3- skeletal
Inferior 2/3- smooth
33
Digestion and absorption is absent in which part of digestive system
Oesophagus
34
Which layer of gut is absent in upper part of Oesophagus
Serosa
35
In place of serosa which layes is present i. Upper part of Oesophagus
Tunica adventia
36
Muscular j shaped organ
Stomach
37
Stomach stores the food for how long
4-5 Hours
38
Oesophagus opens in which part of stomach
Cardiac
39
Which part of stomach is closer to diaphragm
Fundic
40
The sphincter in-between Oesophagus and cardiac
Gastroesophageal sphincter
41
Which part of stomach open into duodenum
Pyloric
42
Sphincter inbetween pyloric and duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
43
Which glands are present in duodenum
Bruners glands
44
Parts of small intestine in sequence
Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum
45
Parts of large intestine in sequence
Ceacum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
46
Illeum opens in which part of large intestine
Cecum
47
Valve present between illeum and cecum
Illeo cecal valve
48
Blind sac common name of what
Cecum
49
Bruners glands are present where in duodenum
Sub mucosa
50
Crypts of liberkhun present where
Villi, S.I
51
Does L.I have villi or plica
No
52
Function of large intestine
Fermentation of undigested food and absorption of water ions and some drugs
53
What is the shape of duodenum
C shape
54
Colon has which type of muscles
Smooth muscles
-Longitudinal
-circular
55
Layers of gut outer to inner
Serosa
Muscularis
Sub mucosa
Mucosa
56
Muscularis outer to inner
Longitudinal
Circular
57
Are blood vessels present in mucosa
Yes
58
Are lymph vessels present in mucosa
Yes
59
Are nerves present in mucosa
No
60
What is secreted by mucosal epithelium
Mucus
61
Mucosa forms what in stomach
Gastric glands
62
Mucosa has what in SI
Crypts of liberkhun in between the bases of villi
63
Sub mucosa is formed of what
Loose/areolar connective tissue
64
Nerves are present in sub mucosa
Yes
65
Blood vessels are present in sub mucosa
Yes
66
Lymph vessels are present in sub mucosa
Yes
67
Muscularis is formed of which muscles
Smooth
68
An extra layer of muscles in muscularis is present where and what is called
Stomach and oblique
69
Serosa is made of which type of tissues
Mesothelium and some areolar connective tissue on upper side
70
Lacteals are present where
In villi
71
In lacteals lymph capillary does what
Abs fat soluble food and vit A D E K
72
Blood capillaries present in lacteals does what
Ab warer vit B AND C
73
What are present in crypts of liberkhun
Intestinal glands
74
How Sympathetic nervous sytem regulates gut secretion and contraction
During emergency it activates and decreases the gut contraction and secretion
75
How Parasympathetic nervous system regulates gut secretion and contraction
During normal conditions, increases contraction and secretion
76
How many pairs are there of salivary glands
Three
77
Location of parotid glands
Below cheek and ears
78
Location of sub linguals
Below tongue
79
Sub mandillary or maxillary location
Lower jaw
80
Maximum saliva released by
Sub maxillary and mandibular
81
Minumum saliva is released by
Sub linguals
82
How much saliva released per day
1.5 L
83
ph of saliva
6.8
84
How much water is there in saliva
99.5%
85
What 0.5 solutes there in saliva
Ions
Antibacterial
Enzymes
Mucus
Urea
Uric acid
86
What ions are present in saliva and their roles
Sodium and potassium chloride- co factor for salivary amylase
Bicarbonate phosphate- maintain ph
87
Antibacterial components in saliva
Lysozyme
Thiocyninde and immunoglobulin A
88
Gastric glands are formed by
Fold of epithelial cells of mucosa
89
Different types of cells in gastric glands
Parietal/oxyntic cells
Mucus neck cells
Peptic/chief cells
90
Parietal cells release what
HCl
CIF factor responsible for abs of vit B12
91
Mucus neck cells release what and its function
Mucus- protects from HCl and protien digestive enzymes
92
Role of HCl in stomach
To give acidic environment for the enzymes to work
93
Peptic cells release what
Zymogens/ inactive protien digesting enzymes
94
Rooe of vitamin B12
Responsible for Maturation of RBC
95
What happens is absence of Vit B12
Immature large size of RBC destroyed by macrophages leads to Macrocytic Anaemia or Pernicious Anaemia
96
Role of HCL
-Acidic pH in stomach
-kills most of pathogen
-Activate zymogens
-convert Fe3+ to Fe2+
97
What happens in case of Achlohydria
Fe Deficiency-microcytic anaemia
98
Ph of gastic juice
1.5 to 2.0
99
How much gastric juice released per day
2-3L/day
100
What is there in infant gastic juice
HCL
Mucus
Pepsinogen
Prorennin
Gastric lipase
101
Gastric juice of adult contains
HCL
Mucous
Pesinogen
Gastric lipase
102
Position of pancreas
Present between the limb of c shape duodenum
103
Pancreas is which type of gland
Heterocrine
104
Exocrine part of pancreas does what
Release pancreatic juice
105
Endocrine part of pancreas does what
Release hormones
106
Duct of santorini does what
Release NaHCO3 containing watery fluid
107
What is the pH of Pancreatic juice
7.8
108
How much pancreatic juice is released per day
1.2
109
Pancreatic juice contains
Protein digestive enzymes- trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase
Starxg digesting enzymes- amylases
Fat digesting enzymes-lipases
Nucleic acid digesting enzymes-nucleases
110
What endocrine pancreas is consist of
Islets of langerhans
111
Alpha cells release what
Glucagon hormone which increases blood glucose level and as a result there is hyperglycemia
112
Beta cells does what
Release insulin and as a result blood glucose level decreases and hypoglycaemia occurs
113
Role of s cells
Release somatostatin which inhibit secretion of alpha and beta cells
114
Largest gland of human body
Liver
115
Weight of liver
1.5kg
116
Position of liver
Upper right side just below the diaphragm
117
Unit of liver
Lobule
118
Covering of live and lobule
Glisson’s capsule
119
Gilsson’s capsule is which type of tissue
Thin irregular connective tissue
120
Phagocytic cells in liver
Kupffer cells
121
What concentrates bile
Gall bladder
122
What is the function of liver
Production of bile juice for the emulsification of fats
123
Composition of bile juice
95% water
5%- bile salts
Bile pigments which are produced by the breakdown of HB- billirubin and billivirdin
124
What is released by intestinal glands
Succus entericus
125
Amount of succus entericus released per day
1 L/day
126
Ph of intestinal juice
7.8
127
Succus entericus contains
Watery alkaline fluid from Bruners gland
And fluid from crypts of liberkhun
