Digestion, Absorption, and Transport Flashcards
What happens in the mouth?
Chewing & swallowing
Amylase – carbs
What happens in the stomach?
Collecting and churning
Carb digestion ceases
Protein digestion occurs
Water and fats separate
What happens in the small intestine?
Digesting carb, fats, and proteins
Vitamins and mineral are absorbed
What happens in the large intestine?
Fluids and minerals absorbed
Some fibers digested by microbes
Most fibers excreted as feces with some fat, cholesterol, and minerals binding
What are the five spinchters?
- Epiglottis sphincter
- Upper esophageal
- Lower esophageal/cardicac sphincter
- Pyloric sphincter
- Ileocecal valve
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Controls passage of food, drink, and air into either the esophagus or trachea
What is the function of the upper esophageal sphincter?
Allows passage of food particles from the mouth to the esophagus
What is the function of the lower esophageal/cardicac sphincter?
- Allows passage of food particles from the esophagus to the stomach
- Prevents food particles and stomach juices from backing up from the stomach into the esophagus
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
- Allows passage of food particles and digestive juices to flow from the stomach to the small intestines
- Prevents food particles and intestinal juices from backing up from the small intestine into the stomach
What is the function of the Ileocecal valve?
Allows passage of GI tract substances from the small intestine to the large intestine
What is bile? Where is it made? What does it do?
- Made in liver;
- Secreted via bile duct into small intestine
- Emulsifies fat and contains waste products for disposal
What is the role of the gall bladdes
- Stores bile salts
What substances travel through the bile duct?
Bicarbonate, digestive enzyme from pancreas and small intestine, and bile salt travel through the bile duct.
What are the anatomical names for the parts of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
How are water-soluble nutrients absorbed?
Water-soluble nutrients are absorbed directly into bloodstream (into portal vein and to the liver)
How are fat-soluble nutrients absorbed?
- Fat-soluble nutrients formed into chylomicrons which are absorbed via lymph system
- Lymph fluid dumps into vascular system at thoracic duct near heart
- Prevents liver from clogging with lipids
Where does 90% of water absorption occur in the small intestine?
Lumen
What is the function of the pancreas?
Secrete digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
What does the pancrease secrete?
- Sodium bicarbonate
- Pancreatic amylase/carbohydrases
- Proteases
- Lipases
What are the functions of the colon?
- Rid body of undigested fiber and fecal matter
- Reabsorb water and salts to concentrate leftover materials
What does a probiotic yogurt do?
- Prevents diarrhea, constipation, lactose in toleration
- Suppresses growth of pathogenic bacteria
What are some sources of prebiotics?
- Raw garlic, raw onion, raw leeks, raw bananas
Name the bacteria responsible for FBI.
E. coli
Listeria
Salmonella
What is H. pylori and how to treat?
- Causes peptic ulcers;
- Antibiotic treatment to rid of H. pylori
- Stop taking drugs that suppress acid product
- Stop using anti-inflammatory drugs
What signals secretin output and what is its GI role?
- Stimulates secretion of bicarbonate from pancreas to the duodenum
- Neutralization of chyme to blood pH
- Allows enzymes to be active
What does CKK do?
- Stimulates release of bile and pancreatic juices into small intestine
- Fat food reaches small intestine
- Three effects:
- Stimulates gallbladder to contract and
secrete bile into the small intestines - Stimulates pancreas to release BiCarb
and digestive enzymes into small
intestine
- Slows down motility of GI tract
- Stimulates gallbladder to contract and
- Fat takes more time to digest
What is the main difference between glucose and fructose?
Glucose = 6 carbon ring Fructose = 5 carbon ring
