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Nutrition > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

Salivary glands

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2
Q

Salivary glands include:

A 
Sublingual
Submandibular
Parotid
Amylase
Lingual lipase
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3
Q

Under tongue

A

Sublingual

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4
Q

Back of jaws

A

Submandibular

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5
Q

In cheeks

A

Parotide

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6
Q

Produce saliva

A

Amylase

Lingual lipase

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7
Q

Saliva composition and functions

A

Antimicrobial
Lubrication
Digestion

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8
Q

Antimicrobial includes

A 
Lysozyme
IgA
Lactoperoxidases
Lactoferrin
Glycoprotein
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9
Q

Lubrication includes

A

Water (95% of saliva)

Mucus

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10
Q

Digestions includes

A

Amylase

Lingual Lipase

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11
Q

Initiate carbohydrate digestion

A

Anylase

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12
Q

Initiate fat digestion in infants

A

Lingual lipase

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13
Q

Steps in swallowing

A

Bolus - Pharynx
Epiglottis closed
Esophagus (mouth to pharynx)

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14
Q

Rhythmic wave-like muscle contractions that mix food and moves it through the GI tract

A

Esophagus

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15
Q

Process of digestion

A

Oral Phase
Pharyngeal Phase
Esophageal Phase

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16
Q

Stamach acid goes back up

A

Heartburn

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17
Q

Heart burn triggered by

A

Heavy meals
Eating while lying down
Tomata, citrus, garlic, etc.
Alcohol/carbonated drinks

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18
Q

Dysfunctional LES

Chronic irritation of the lining of the esophagus

A

Gastroesophageal Reflex Disease (GERD)

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19
Q

Stomach Digestion time

A

1-4 hours

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20
Q

J-shaped pouch
Base of breast bone
Slightly to the left

A

Stomach

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21
Q

Stomach capacity

A

0.25 - 1.7 liters

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22
Q

Filling up

A

Stretch receptors

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23
Q

Increase surface area

A

Inner folds (rugae)

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24
Q

Controls stomach emptying

A

Pyloric sphincter

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25
Q

Lined with mucus, release gastric juice

A

Gastric mucosa

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26
Q

Mechanical Digestion in stomach

A

Fundus (Bolus)
Acid-food mix (Chyme)
Duodenum

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27
Q

Chemical digestion in stomach

A 
Rennin
Pepsin
Gastric lipase
Mucus
HCl
Intrinsic Factor
Gastrin
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28
Q

Causes milk clotting (infants)

A

Rennin

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29
Q

Complex proteins to polypeptides

A

Pepsin

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30
Q

Break down short and medium chain fats

A

Gastric lipase

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31
Q

Protects stomach, moistens food

A

Mucus

32
Q

Kills microbes, dissolve food particles, activates pepsinogen into pepsin

A

HCl

33
Q

Needed to absorb Vit B12

A

Intrinsic Factor

34
Q

Stimulates parietal cells to release HCl, and chief cells to produce pepsinogen

A

Gastrin

35
Q

Chief cell includes

A

Rennin
Pepsin
Gastric lipase

36
Q

Mucous neck cell includes

A

Mucus

37
Q

Parietal cell includes

A

HCl

Intrinsic Factor

38
Q

G-cell includes

A

Gastrin

39
Q

Other gastric secretions

A

Histamine
Ghrelin
Serotonin

40
Q

Immune response and increase gastric acid production

A

Histamine

41
Q

Hormone that stimulates appetite

A

Ghrelin

42
Q

Multifunctional bioamine

A

Serotonin

43
Q

Stomach absorbs

A 
Water
Vitamins (B12)
Alcohol
Certain Drugs
Specific SCFA
44
Q

Stomach emptying

A

Very slowly
Few mL at a time
1-4 hours

45
Q

Factors that affect stomach emptying

A

Stress/anxiety
Medications
Overeating
Hormones

46
Q

Between stomach and large intestine
Mainly chemical digestion
Absorbs most nutrients and drugs

A

Small Intestine

47
Q

3 parts of the Small Intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

48
Q

Receives bile and pancretic juice
Acidic chyme is neutralized
Chemical digestion

A

Duodenum (1.5ft)

49
Q

Most absorption

A

Jejunum (7-10ft)

50
Q

Absorbs Vit B12, bile salts, nutrients not absorb in the jejunum

A

Ileum (10-13ft)

51
Q

Type of movement produced by SI muscles under the control of nerve impulses or hormonal stimuli

A 
Peristaltic Waves
Pendular movements
Segmentation rings
Longitudinal rotation
Surface villi motions
52
Q

Push food mass forward

A

Peristaltic waves

53
Q

Stirring chyme at the mucosal surface

A

Pendular movements

54
Q

Relax and contract to chop food mass into soft lumps and mix with GI secretions

A

Segmentation rings

55
Q

Roll food mass in a spiral motion to mix and expose new surfaces for absorption

A

Longitudinal rotation

56
Q

Stir and mix chyme at the intestinal wall

Expose additional nutrients for absorption

A

Surface villi motions

57
Q

Largest gland

A

Liver

58
Q

Weight of liver

A

1.4 - 1.8 kg

59
Q

Functions of liver

A

Build or breakdown
Bile formation
Detoxification
Blood glucose level regulation

60
Q

Pear-shaped gland next to SI

A

Gall bladder

61
Q

Function of the gall bladder

A

Stores bile produced by the liver

62
Q

About the length of your hand

Next to SI

A

Pancreas

63
Q

Functions of the pancreas

A

Pancreatic juice

Glucoregulatory hormones

64
Q

Pancreatic juices

A 
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Amylase
Lipase
Bicarbonate
65
Q

Glucoregulatory hormones

A

Insulin
Glucagon
Amylin
Somatostatin

66
Q

Chemcial Digestion in the SI

A

Mucus
Bile
Hormones

67
Q

Secreted by intestinal cells

Protect mucosal lining from HCl

A

Mucus

68
Q

Emulsify fat

A

Bile

69
Q

Hormones in the SI include

A

Secretin

Cholecystokinin

70
Q

Controls acidity and secretion of enzymes from the pancreas

A

Secretin

71
Q

Triggers release of bile when fat is present

A

Cholecystokinin

72
Q

Unhealthy villi results to

A

Lower nutrient absorption

Flattened brush border with villous atrophy

73
Q

5-7 ft long
Connects with the small intestine
12-15 hrs emptying

A

Large Intestine

74
Q

LI absorbs

A 
Water
Salts (Na and K)
Vitamin K
SCFA
Gases
75
Q

Not digested because of the lack of enzyme
Important bulk to food mass and helps form feces
Fermented by gut bacteria

A

Dietary Fiber

76
Q

Large Intestine Secretion speed depends on

A 
Stress
How much
What we eat
Physical activity
Hormonal environment

Nutrition (5 decks)

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