Digestion

Question 1

Digestion definition

Answer 1

The break down of large molecules to smaller molecules so that they can be used in cells for reactions

Question 2

Hydrolysis is

Answer 2

The reaction that breaks down large molecules so they can diffuse into cells
Uses up water
Opposite is condensation

Question 3

Protein ->
Carb->
Lipid ->

Answer 3

Amino acids
Mono/di saccharides
Fatty acids and monoglycerides

Question 4

Amylase

Answer 4

Produced in pancreas and salivary glands

Breaks glycosidic bonds in starch

Question 5

Transporter proteins

Answer 5

Monosaccharides are transported to the epithelial cells in the ileum using transporter proteins

Question 6

Lipase

Answer 6

Produced in pancreas and released to small intestine

Breaks ester bonds in lipids

Question 7

Bile salts

Answer 7

Produced by the liver

Helps digest lipids by forming micelles to inc SA so lipids hydrolyse quicker

Question 8

Micelles help with…

Answer 8

The absorption of monoglycerides and fatty acids into the epithelial cells of the small intestine as they can diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer membrane into the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 9

Endopeptidase

Answer 9

Catalyses the hydrolysis of protein ( breaking of peptide bonds)
Eg - pepsin in the stomach
- trypsin and chymotrypsin made by pancreas and released to ileum

Question 10

Co- transporter proteins

Answer 10

Transport molecules into epithelial cells of small intestine 
Such as 
- amino acids 
- glucose 
- galactose

Question 11

Absorption

Answer 11

1. Active transport of sodium ions by sodium-dependent co-transporter proteins located in the epithelial cell membrane transport Na+ ions into blood
2. Causes the conc of Na+ in epithelial cells to dec so Na+ ions fro. The ileum diffuse into the epithelial cells down a conc gradient through a co-transporter protein
3. When the Na+ ion binds to this co- transporter protein amino acids or monosaccharides also bind with it
4. The Na+ ions and the amino acids/ monosaccharides in the cytoplasm can then either be used in the cell or can diffuse into the blood