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anatomy digestion > digestion > Flashcards

digestion Flashcards

1
Q

hydrolyses polysaccharides into oligosaccharides

A

salivary amylase

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2
Q

breaks down lipids, mostly activated in acidic environment

A

lingual lipase

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3
Q

coats the bolus to facilitate swallowing

A

mucus

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4
Q

kills bacteria on food

A

lysozyme

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5
Q

made by parietal cells and activates lipase and pepsinogen

A

HCl

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6
Q

made by chief cells and breaks down protein into peptides (inactive form of pepsin)

A

pepsinogen

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7
Q

digestive hormone that stimulates HCl production

A

gastrin

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8
Q

made by chief cells and breaks down lipids in the stomach

A

gastric lipase

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9
Q

hormone that stimulates the liver and pancreas

A

secretin

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10
Q

hormone that stimulates the gallbladder and the pancreas

A

CCK

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11
Q

pancreatic amylase

A

breaks down carbs

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12
Q

pancreatic lipase

A

breaks down lipids

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13
Q

pancreatic trypsin

A

breaks down proteins

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14
Q

pancreatic chymotrypsin

A

breaks down proteins

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15
Q

pancreatic carboxypeptidase A and B

A

breaks down proteins

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16
Q

pancreatic peptidase

A

breaks down proteins

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17
Q

pancreatic colipase

A

breaks down lipids

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18
Q

pancreatic phospholipase

A

breaks down lipids

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19
Q

neutralizes the acidic HCl in chyme to make it around pH of 7

A

sodium bicarbinate

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20
Q

made in the liver, stored in gallbladder and helps digestion

A

bile (bile salt and lecithin)

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21
Q

cholesterol esterase

A

breaks down lipids

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22
Q

sucrase

A

breaks down sucrose

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23
Q

maltase

A

breaks down maltose

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24
Q

sucrose is made of…

A

glucose and fructose

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25
Q

maltose is made of…

A

glucose and glucose

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26
Q

lactose is made of…

A

glucose and galactose

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27
Q

nutrients that our body needs lots of (carbs, fats, proteins, water)

A

macronutrients

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28
Q

nutrients that our body needs in small amounts (vitamins, minerals)

A

micronutrients

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29
Q

the simplest form of carbs, made of one molecule

A

monosaccaride

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30
Q

2 molecules bonded together, carb

A

disaccaride

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31
Q

3-9 molecules bonded together, carb

A

oligosaccaride

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32
Q

10 and more molecules bonded together, carb

A

polysaccaride

33
Q

a fatty acid with the maximum amount of hydrogen available attached (4 on each carbon)

A

saturated fatty acids

34
Q

a fatty acid where 2 hydrogen atoms are missing, form double bonds between two carbons

A

unsaturated fatty acids

35
Q

a fatty acid with one double bond

A

monounsaturated fatty acids

36
Q

polyunsaturated fats that have the double bond between the 3rd and 4th carbon

A

omega-3 fatty acids

37
Q

polyunsaturated fats that have the double bond between the 6th and 7th carbon

A

omega-6 fatty acids

38
Q

anabolism+ catabolism

A

metabolism

39
Q

smaller molecules are converted into larger molecules

40
Q

larger molecules are converted into smaller molecules

A

catabolism

41
Q

the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid

A

glycolysis

42
Q

the process that involves the removal of a water molecule to form glycogen from multiple glucose molecules

A

glycogenesis

43
Q

what percentage of the body’s glycogen is stored in the liver?

44
Q

what percentage of the body’s glycogen is stored in the skeletal muscles

45
Q

the breakdown of glycogen when dietary glucose is low

A

glycogenolysis

46
Q

the generation of glucose in the liver from lactate and non-carbs

A

gluconeogenesis

47
Q

the process of releasing triglycerides from body’s fat stores (adipose)

48
Q

where cells increase their individual mitochondrial mass and number to increase ATP production

A

mitochondrial biogenesis

49
Q

the volumes of sarcoplasmic fluid in muscle cells increase with no increase in strength

A

sarcoplasmic hypertrophy

50
Q

actin and myosin increase in number and add to muscular strength and size

A

myofibrillar hypertrophy

51
Q

starvation

A

malnutrition

52
Q

obesity

A

overnutrition

53
Q

hunger

A

undernutrition

54
Q

vitamins that help with teeth

55
Q

vitamins that can dissolve in fat and be stored in liver as adipose

A

fat-soluble vitamins

56
Q

vitamins can dissolve in water and overdose is nontoxic

A

water-soluble vitamins

57
Q

minerals needed in body

A

Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, K, P

58
Q

functions of water

A

transport of nutrients, thermoregulation, lubrication, communication of cells

59
Q

functions of proteins

A

structure and support, repair tissue, amino acids and DNA repair

60
Q

lipids/1000 g=

61
Q

carbs/1000 g=

62
Q

carbs and lipids have what elements

63
Q

proteins contain what elements

64
Q

what is apart of the alimentary canal

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

65
Q

emulsification

A

bile and lipase breaks down fat globules into smaller molecules to be absorbed

66
Q

role of villi and microvilli

A

to increase surface area, villi(10x), microvilli(20x)

67
Q

when fatty acids are broken down into acetylcholine in the mitochondria to be used in the Krebs cycle to make ATP

A

beta-oxidation

68
Q

combined monoglycerides and bile salts that helps transport into the cell for absorption

69
Q

helps absorb fats into body’s lymph by reforming triglycerides

A

chlyomicrons

70
Q

where chlyomicrons are absorbed (fats) and the connect to the blood system

A

lymph/subclavian vein

71
Q

how does fructose become absorbed?

A

facilitated diffusion with GLUT5 protein

72
Q

how does glucose and galactose become absorbed?

A

active transport with SGLT protein

73
Q

what is the ratio of C:H:O in carbs

74
Q

role is healing healthy treats and gums and healthy tissue

75
Q

role is RBC production, CNS aid, metabolism

A

vitamin B12

76
Q

role is to help use vitamin K, and RBC production

77
Q

role is to help bones and teeth, sunshine vitamin

78
Q

role is to help skin, teeth, and bones

79
Q

role is to help blood coagulate, and bone health

anatomy digestion (1 decks)

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