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anatomy digestion > digestion > Flashcards

digestion Flashcards

1
Q

hydrolyses polysaccharides into oligosaccharides

A

salivary amylase

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2
Q

breaks down lipids, mostly activated in acidic environment

A

lingual lipase

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3
Q

coats the bolus to facilitate swallowing

A

mucus

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4
Q

kills bacteria on food

A

lysozyme

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5
Q

made by parietal cells and activates lipase and pepsinogen

A

HCl

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6
Q

made by chief cells and breaks down protein into peptides (inactive form of pepsin)

A

pepsinogen

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7
Q

digestive hormone that stimulates HCl production

A

gastrin

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8
Q

made by chief cells and breaks down lipids in the stomach

A

gastric lipase

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9
Q

hormone that stimulates the liver and pancreas

A

secretin

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10
Q

hormone that stimulates the gallbladder and the pancreas

A

CCK

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11
Q

pancreatic amylase

A

breaks down carbs

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12
Q

pancreatic lipase

A

breaks down lipids

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13
Q

pancreatic trypsin

A

breaks down proteins

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14
Q

pancreatic chymotrypsin

A

breaks down proteins

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15
Q

pancreatic carboxypeptidase A and B

A

breaks down proteins

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16
Q

pancreatic peptidase

A

breaks down proteins

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17
Q

pancreatic colipase

A

breaks down lipids

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18
Q

pancreatic phospholipase

A

breaks down lipids

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19
Q

neutralizes the acidic HCl in chyme to make it around pH of 7

A

sodium bicarbinate

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20
Q

made in the liver, stored in gallbladder and helps digestion

A

bile (bile salt and lecithin)

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21
Q

cholesterol esterase

A

breaks down lipids

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22
Q

sucrase

A

breaks down sucrose

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23
Q

maltase

A

breaks down maltose

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24
Q

sucrose is made of…

A

glucose and fructose

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25
maltose is made of...
glucose and glucose
26
lactose is made of...
glucose and galactose
27
nutrients that our body needs lots of (carbs, fats, proteins, water)
macronutrients
28
nutrients that our body needs in small amounts (vitamins, minerals)
micronutrients
29
the simplest form of carbs, made of one molecule
monosaccaride
30
2 molecules bonded together, carb
disaccaride
31
3-9 molecules bonded together, carb
oligosaccaride
32
10 and more molecules bonded together, carb
polysaccaride
33
a fatty acid with the maximum amount of hydrogen available attached (4 on each carbon)
saturated fatty acids
34
a fatty acid where 2 hydrogen atoms are missing, form double bonds between two carbons
unsaturated fatty acids
35
a fatty acid with one double bond
monounsaturated fatty acids
36
polyunsaturated fats that have the double bond between the 3rd and 4th carbon
omega-3 fatty acids
37
polyunsaturated fats that have the double bond between the 6th and 7th carbon
omega-6 fatty acids
38
anabolism+ catabolism
metabolism
39
smaller molecules are converted into larger molecules
anabolism
40
larger molecules are converted into smaller molecules
catabolism
41
the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid
glycolysis
42
the process that involves the removal of a water molecule to form glycogen from multiple glucose molecules
glycogenesis
43
what percentage of the body's glycogen is stored in the liver?
25%
44
what percentage of the body's glycogen is stored in the skeletal muscles
75%
45
the breakdown of glycogen when dietary glucose is low
glycogenolysis
46
the generation of glucose in the liver from lactate and non-carbs
gluconeogenesis
47
the process of releasing triglycerides from body's fat stores (adipose)
lipolysis
48
where cells increase their individual mitochondrial mass and number to increase ATP production
mitochondrial biogenesis
49
the volumes of sarcoplasmic fluid in muscle cells increase with no increase in strength
sarcoplasmic hypertrophy
50
actin and myosin increase in number and add to muscular strength and size
myofibrillar hypertrophy
51
starvation
malnutrition
52
obesity
overnutrition
53
hunger
undernutrition
54
vitamins that help with teeth
C,D,A,K
55
vitamins that can dissolve in fat and be stored in liver as adipose
fat-soluble vitamins
56
vitamins can dissolve in water and overdose is nontoxic
water-soluble vitamins
57
minerals needed in body
Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, K, P
58
functions of water
transport of nutrients, thermoregulation, lubrication, communication of cells
59
functions of proteins
structure and support, repair tissue, amino acids and DNA repair
60
lipids/1000 g=
4000Kj
61
carbs/1000 g=
1760Kj
62
carbs and lipids have what elements
C,H,O
63
proteins contain what elements
C,H,O,N
64
what is apart of the alimentary canal
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
65
emulsification
bile and lipase breaks down fat globules into smaller molecules to be absorbed
66
role of villi and microvilli
to increase surface area, villi(10x), microvilli(20x)
67
when fatty acids are broken down into acetylcholine in the mitochondria to be used in the Krebs cycle to make ATP
beta-oxidation
68
combined monoglycerides and bile salts that helps transport into the cell for absorption
micelles
69
helps absorb fats into body's lymph by reforming triglycerides
chlyomicrons
70
where chlyomicrons are absorbed (fats) and the connect to the blood system
lymph/subclavian vein
71
how does fructose become absorbed?
facilitated diffusion with GLUT5 protein
72
how does glucose and galactose become absorbed?
active transport with SGLT protein
73
what is the ratio of C:H:O in carbs
1:2:1
74
role is healing healthy treats and gums and healthy tissue
vitamin C
75
role is RBC production, CNS aid, metabolism
vitamin B12
76
role is to help use vitamin K, and RBC production
vitamin E
77
role is to help bones and teeth, sunshine vitamin
vitamin D
78
role is to help skin, teeth, and bones
vitamin A
79
role is to help blood coagulate, and bone health
vitamin K

anatomy digestion (1 decks)

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