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x M1 Biochem Term 2 Quiz 4 > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

What form do fats, proteins, and complex carbs have to be broken down into before they are digested?

A

Amino Acids, monomeric sugars, monoglycerides.

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2
Q

Saliva: digestion of carbohydrates?

A

salivary alpha-amylase (by serosal cells)

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3
Q

Saliva: digestion of lipids?

A

lingual lipase (by mucosal cells)

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4
Q

Saliva: other secretions

A

Mucin (by mucosal cells), Ca2+

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5
Q

How long does it take for the epithelium to renew?

A

2-3 days.

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6
Q

Saliva: best known stimuli

A

cholinergic fibers

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7
Q

Pancreas: digestion of carbs

A

pancreatic alpha-amylase

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8
Q

Pancreas: digestion of lipids

A

pancreatic lipase (acts on surface of micelles)
pro-colipase (anchors enzyme, prevents denaturation)
pro P-lipase A2 (activated by trypsin, helps emulsify dietary fat)
cholesterol esterase (produces FFA and cholesterol)
nonspecific esterase

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9
Q

Pancreas: digestion of proteins

A 
trypsinogen
chymotrypsinogen (activated by trypsin)
Procarboxy
pepidase A and B (activated by trypsin)
Proelastase (activated by trypsin)
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10
Q

Pancreas: digestion of nucleic acids

A

RNAse, DNAse

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11
Q

Pancreas: other

A

mucin
Na bicarbonate
trypsin inhibitor

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12
Q

Pancreas: best known stimuli

A

secretin from duodenum (for bicarb)

cholecystokinin (for enzymes)

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13
Q

Stomach: digestion of lipids

A

gastric lipase (impt for infants digesting emulsified milk fat)

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14
Q

Stomach: digestion of proteins

A

H+ denaturation

pepsinogen (chief cells)

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15
Q

stomach: other

A

HCl (Parietal/oxyntic cells)
Mucin (by mucosal cells)
intrinsic factor (parietal cells)

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16
Q

Stomach: best known stimuli

A 
cholinergic fibers (vagus)
gastrin (G cells - endocrine)
histamine (ECL cells-paracrine)
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17
Q

Bile: digestion of lipids

A

conjugated cholic (aka bile) acids
P-lipids
cholesterol

18
Q

Bile: other

A

Na Bicarb
bilirubin
conjugated substances

19
Q

Bile: best known stimuli (to empty gallbladder)

A

cholecystokinin

20
Q

Intestinal secretion: name 3

A

Na bicarb
NaCl (epithelial cells)
Mucin

21
Q

Intestinal secretion: best known stimuli

A

secretin

22
Q

Intestinal brush border: digestion of carbs

A

sucrase-maltase-isomaltase

lactase (absence -> lactose intol)

23
Q

Intestinal Brush Border: digestion of lipids

A

recombination of FA+

monoacylglycerol

24
Q

Intestinal Brush Border: digestion of proteins

A

exopeptidases

25
Q

Intestinal Brush Border: digestion of nucleic acids

A

nucleotidases

nucleosidases

26
Q

Intestinal Brush Border: other

A

enteropeptidase, which activates trypsin, which initiates cascade of proteolytic activation of all pancreatic pro-enzymes.

27
Q

Bacteria: digestion of carbs

A

cellulose

28
Q

Bacteria: other

A 
gas
Vit K
appetite
obesity
mood
29
Q

absorption of carbs

A

glucose and galactose: Na+ symport

30
Q

absorption of lipids

A

chylomicrons

31
Q

absorption of proteins

A

amino acids: Na symport

di/tri peptides: H symport

32
Q

What is required for intestinal absorption of Vit B12?

A

intrinsic factor (parietal cells of stomach)

33
Q

How does pepsinogen become activated?

A

Activated to pepsin upon contact with acid

34
Q

4 roles of stomach acidity

A

kills organisms
denatures proteins
activates pepsinogen –> pepsin
stimulates duodenal secr of secretin

35
Q

2 ways to inhibit stomach acid secretion

A

H2 receptor agonists (ex Zantac)

Proton pump inhibitors (ex Prilosec)

36
Q

Acidity of chyme stimulates what in duodenum

A

secretion of secretin (which then stims secr of sodium bicarb by pancreas and intestine)

37
Q

Peptides and fats in chyme stimulate what in duodenum

A

secretion of CCK

38
Q

secretion of CCK from the duodenum stimulates what?

A

secretion of enzymes, by fusion of storage granules with apical portion of plasma membrane

39
Q

many digestive enzymes are secreted as proenzymes: which are secreted in active form?

A

alpha-amylase, DNase, RNase

40
Q

absorption of fructose?

A

not well absorbed, so excess of this sugar can cause diarrhea

41
Q

Why are glucose and amino acids helpful in oral rehydration therapy of cholera patients?

A

They are absorbed via Na -symports and thus promote absorption of NaCl.

x M1 Biochem Term 2 Quiz 4 (4 decks)

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