Digestion Flashcards
what does digestion do
turns large insoluble substances into small soluble ones
what do the organs of the digestive system produce
enzymes ( chemicals that break up food)
what is ingestion
putting food in the mouth
what do teeth do
grind up food and mix it with saliva
what does saliva contain
enzymes
where is food swallowed down
the gullet (food pipe)
what do the muscles above the food do
the muscles contract (get smaller) pushing the food down
what does the large intestine do
removes water from the food that cant be digested
what are faeces formed from
food that cannot be digested
where are faeces stored
in the rectum
what is saliva produced by
salivary lands
what does saliva break starch down in into
sugar
what happens in the stomach
strong acid is added to the food to break down proteins into amino acids
what does stomach acid break proteins into
amino acids
what happens in the small intestine
more digestive juices are added
what does carbohydrates digest into
sugars
what happens to sugar and amino acids in the small intestine
they are small so can be taken into the blood stream in the small intestine. the food substances are absorbed
what is elimination/egestion
faeces pushed out of the anus
what helps the small intestine absorb food
the wall is thin and covered with villi. these increase the surface area.
how are digested food substances carried round the body
by the circulatory system
where does blood travel through
blood vessels
what carries blood away from the heart
arteries
what carries blood to the heart
veins
what are the smallest blood vessels
capillaries
where do cells in tissues get there substances from
the tissue fluid
where does tissue fluid leak out of
the capillaries
what do cells need food substances for
to release energy
to make new substances
how do cells release energy
by using a chemical reaction called respiration to release energy from a sugar called glucose
