Digestion Flashcards
What are the digestive products of carbohydrates and proteins?
Complex carbohydrates such as starch are digested down to monosaccharides (mostly glucose)
Proteins are digested down to individual amino acids
What does the drug orlistat do?
It blocks lipase and decrease s the digestion of fat, thus preventing absorption
What bond is broken in triglycerides?
Ester bonds break during digestion to give glycerol and fatty acids: palmitate, oleate, stearate
What is salivary amylase?
It starts digestion of starch
Is there a net digestion of starch in the stomach?
No
What is pancreatic amylase?
It is secreted by the pancreas and breaks sugars down into mono- and disaccharides
What happens to disaccharides?
The ones in the small intestines degrade sugars into monosaccharides. The monosaccharides are absorbed into the blood
What happens to fiber?
It passes through the digestive system without being absorbed
Where does most triglyceride digestion occurs?
In the lumen of the small intestines
Where does protein get digested?
Mouth, stomach, intestine (pancreatic secretions), and intestine (brush border)
How does protein get digested in the stomach?
Protein denatured by acid
Pepsin starts digestion by cutting on the N-side of the aromatic amino acids only
How does the intestine digest proteins?
Bicarb is used to neutralize “chyme”
Pancreatic secretions release trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase
Where does trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, and elastase cut peptides?
Trypsin - cuts on C-side of basic amino acids e.g. lysin and arginine
Chymotrypsin - cuts on C-side of aromatic amino acids
Carboxypeptidase - cuts the C-terminal amino acid one at a time
What the brush border enzyme that digests peptides?
Aminopeptidase - cuts N-terminal amino acid one at a time
