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Chapter 12: Digestive > digestion > Flashcards

digestion Flashcards

1
Q

abdomen

A

portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis

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2
Q

absorption

A

the passage of substances across and into tissues

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3
Q

alimentary canal

A

a musculomembranous tube, about 30 feet long (also called the digestive tract or gastrointesteninal tract

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4
Q

amino acids

A

an orange chemical compound of one or more amino aci groups

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5
Q

amylase

A

an enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules

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6
Q

anus

A

opening which waste exits

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7
Q

ascitic fluid

A

a watery fluid containing glucose and electrolytes that accumulates in the peritoneal cavity because of certain diseases

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8
Q

bile

A

yellow green secretion of liver

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9
Q

bilirubin

A

the orange yellow pigment of bile due to the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells

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10
Q

bolus

A

a ball like chewed mass of food that is ready to be swallowed

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11
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

the muscle ring in the stomach that controls food from the esophagus and the stomach

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12
Q

cecum

A

a cul-de-sac in the large intestine, joins the ileum (last part of small intestine)

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13
Q

cholangiogram

A

a record, or xray film

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14
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gallstones in the gallbladder

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15
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

the presence of a stone in the common bile duct

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16
Q

chyme

A

liquid like digested food in stomach

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17
Q

colon

A

large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum

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18
Q

common bile duct

A

the duct formed by the joining of the cystic duct and the hepatic duct

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19
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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20
Q

duodenum

A

first portion of the small intestine. the shortest and widest

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21
Q

emulsify

A

to disoerse a liquid into another liquid making a colloidal suspension

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22
Q

endocrine gland

A

a gland that secretes its enzymes directly into the blood capillaries instead of being transported by ducts

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23
Q

enzyme

A

a protein produced by living cell that catalyzes chemical reactions in organic matter

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24
Q

exocrine gland

A

a gland that secretes its enzyme into a network of tiny ducts to transport to an organ or tissue

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25
Q

gallbladder

A

a pear shaped excretory sac lodged in a fossa on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver

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26
Q

gavage

A

a procedure in which liquid or semiliquid food is introduced into the stomach through a tube

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27
Q

gingiva

A

gum tissue

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28
Q

glucagon

A

a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into gluclose when blood sugar is dangerously low

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29
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar found in food

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30
Q

glycogen

A

a complex sugar that is a major carb stored in animal cells

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31
Q

glycogeneis

A

the conversion of simple sugar into a complex form for storage

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32
Q

glycogenolysis

A

the breakdown of glycogen into glucose - releasing it back into the blood

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33
Q

hemetemesis

A

vomiting of blood

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34
Q

hepacyte

A

liver cell

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35
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

a compound consisting of hydrogen and chloride

36
Q

ileum

A

the distal portion of the small intestine

37
Q

insulin

A

a naturally occurring hormone secreted by beta cells of the islets of langerhans in the pancreas in response t a rise in blood sugar

38
Q

jejunum

A

the intermediate or middle 3 portions of the small intestine

39
Q

laparoscope

A

a thin walled flexible tube with a telescopic lens used in the abdomin for surgery

40
Q

lavage

A

the process of rinsing out an organ- usually the bladder, sinuses or stomach

41
Q

lipase

A

an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats

42
Q

liver

A

largest gland- most complex organ

43
Q

mastication

A

chewing tearing and grinding food when it becomes mixed with saliva

44
Q

mcburney’s point

A

the right side of the abdomen- associated with appendicitis

45
Q

oropharynx

A

section of the pharynx leading to the oral cavity

46
Q

papillae

A

small nipple shaped projection

47
Q

parotoid gland

A

one of the largest saliva glands located just below the ear on side of face

48
Q

peristalsis

A

muscle contractions that forces food through the digestive tract

49
Q

peritoneum

A

specific membrane that covers the entire abdomen

50
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

thickened muscular ring that reguates passage of food from stomach to the duodenum

51
Q

pyorrhea

A

discharge of pu

52
Q

sigmoid colon

A

extends from the end of the descending colon to the rectum

53
Q

triglycerides

A

a compound of fatty acid and glycerol (oleic, palmitic, or stearic

54
Q

abdominal ultrasound

A

sonagram

55
Q

abdominocentesis

A

inserting a needle or trocar into abdomen while in sitting position to remove excess fluid

56
Q

alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

A

a hepatocellular enzyme released in elevated amounts due to liver dysfunction

57
Q

alkaline phosphatase

A

enzyme found in highest levels in the liver, biliary tract and bone

58
Q

amylase

A

an enzyme that is secreted by the pancreas and travels to the duodenum to aid in digestion

59
Q

capsule enscopy

A

tiny camera size of a capsule to view the entire length of small intestine

60
Q

cheiloplasty

A

lip surgery

61
Q

cholecystectomy

A

removal of the gallbladder

62
Q

cholecystography

A

xray of gallbladder following ingestion of pill with a dye

63
Q

colostomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening on the abdominal wall through which the feces is expelled

64
Q

ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

examines the size anfd the filling of the pancreativ and biliary ducts

65
Q

EGD esophagogastroduodenscopy

A

viewing of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum

66
Q

ESWL extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

A

blasting the gallstones

67
Q

gastric analysis

A

study of the stomach content to determine the acid content

68
Q

gastric lavage

A

irrigation of the stomach

69
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

surgical repair of hernia

70
Q

nasogastic intubation

A

placement of tube through nose into the stomach to relieve gastric detension by removing gastric secretions, food or gas

71
Q

PTC percuntaneous transhepatic cholangiography

A

examination of the bile duct by usung a needle

72
Q

48 hour PH STUDY

A

MEASURES GERD

73
Q

serum bilirubin

A

a measurement of bilirubin level in the serum

74
Q

SGOT serum glumstic oxaloacetic transaminase

A

an enzyme that has very high concetration in the liver

75
Q

achlorhydria

A

absence of hydrocholic acid in gastic fluid

76
Q

aphagia

A

loss of ability to swallow

77
Q

ascites

A

abnormal collection of fluid in peritoneal cavity

78
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling, gurgling sounds from abdomen

79
Q

dyspepsia

A

epigastic discomfort after eating - bloating, nausea, heartburn

80
Q

emesis

A

the material expelled from the stomach from vomiting

81
Q

emaciation

A

excessive leaness due to lack of nutrition

82
Q

eructation

A

burping

83
Q

icterus

A

jaundice

84
Q

melena

A

abnormal black tarry stool containing digested blood

85
Q

pruritis ani

A

chronic itching of skin around anus

86
Q

stearorrhea

A

greater amounts of fat in feces, characterized by frothy fecal matter that floats

Chapter 12: Digestive (2 decks)

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