digestion Flashcards
What is the function of the mouth and what enzymes are associated with it?
-Food is physically broken down by the teeth, then tung movements and saliva turn the food into a bolus.
- Amylase secreted from the salivary glands will begin to break down complex polysaccharides
What is the function of the esophagus and what enzymes are associated with it?
- Connects the mouth to the stomach and transports the bolus through muscle contractions called peristalsis
- No enzymes associated
What is the function of the Stomach and what enzymes are associated with it?
-Responsible for the storage of food and contains gastric juices that aid in digestion.
- HCL converts pepsinogen into pepsin which is responsible for initiating protein digestion
What is the function of the small intestine and what enzymes are associated with it?
-A major source of chemical digestion and the site of food absorption
- pancreatic amylase and Disaccharides break down carbohydrates into monosaccharides, Lipase breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol, and trypsin and erepsin break down proteins into amino acids. though all these enzymes are found in the small intestine, only disaccharides is produced here.
What is the function of the pancreas and what enzymes are associated with it?
-accessory organ
-produces bicarbonate and sends it to the small intestine to neutralize incoming stomach acid
-produces pancreatic amylase. which breaks down chains of polysaccharides into disaccharides
-produces lipase, which breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
What is the function of the Liver and what enzymes are associated with it?
-Produces Bile(stored in the gall bladder) which emulsifies fats. This increases the surface area and allows lipase to break down fat more efficiently
What is the function of the Large intestine and what enzymes are associated with it?
-Major site of water reabsorption, which results in the formation of feces. bacteria like E. coli break down waste material into vitamins B and K
When the bolus stretches the walls of the throat, it activates muscle contractions. What are these contractions called?
Peristalsis
Draw a flowchart showing the chemical digestion of proteins including all the enzymes and organs involved.
(actually draw it and repeat this till your confident)
What is the role of bicarbonate?
Neturlaization of incoming stomach acid
What is the order in which food travels through the digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
What are the accessory organs?
Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas, Salivary glands
What are the components of carbohydrates? where in the body does it get absorbed and into what system?
Components
-large complex polysaccharides – smaller complex simpler polysaccharides – disaccharides–monosaccharides
- Absorbed by the small intestine into the bloodstream
What are the components of protein? where in the body does it get absorbed and into what system?
Components
- Long chain polypeptides–medium chain polypeptides– short-chain polypeptides– amino acids
- Absorbed by the small intestine into the bloodstream
What are the components of Lipids? where in the body does it get absorbed and into what system?
Components
-Large fatty Globules–Small fatty Globules–Glycerol and fatty acids
-Absorbed by the small intestine into the lymphatic system
