digestion Flashcards
what is digestion
breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones
why do we need food
provide energy, grow new cells
3 main nutrients found in food?
fats carbo and protein
what is carbo
made up of starch, sugar and cellulose
whats cellulose
makes up part of the fibre that cannot be digested
what is protein
amino acids
what is fats end product
made up of glycerol and fatty acids
what are digestive enzymes
proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions
what are the digestive enzymes ?
amylase maltse
protease peptidase
lipase
digestive enzymes for carbo
amylase and maltase
digestive enzymes for protein
protease and peptidase
digestive enzymes for fats
lipase
what is substrate
substance that enzymes act on
what is carbohydrate’s end product
glucose
what is protein end product
amino acids
what does fats turn into
glycerol and fatty acids
starch -> maltose by what
amylase
maltose -> glucose by what
maltase
protein -> polypeptides by what
protease
polypeptides -> amino acids by what
peptidase
factors that change active sites (from enzymes and substrates)
high temp and extreme changes in pH
what does salivary glands do
secrete saliva
what are the 3 fluids in the small intestine
intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and bile
where does bile come from and where is it stored
bile comes from liver and stored in gallbladder
function of bile
emulsification
absorption in the small intestine only allows what type of molecules to pass by?
small molecules (sugar/amino acids)
final products of digestion?
glucose, amino acids and fatty acids and glycerol
what is egestion
when faeces are temporarily stored before gettting out thru the anus
what does gastric juice contain
proteases and hydrochloric acid
which nutrient(s) are digested in the stomach
protein
which nutrient(s) are digested in the mouth
carbo
what nutrient(s) are digested in the small intestine
fats carbo and protein
what is duodenum
start of the small intestine
what is emulsification
helps to physically break up FATS into smaller oil droplets
what does the large intestine absorb
water and mineral salts
what are some issues that affect the digestive system
constipation, gastric pain and food poisioning
