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science SEC 2 > digestion > Flashcards

digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

what is digestion

A

breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones

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2
Q

why do we need food

A

provide energy, grow new cells

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3
Q

3 main nutrients found in food?

A

fats carbo and protein

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4
Q

what is carbo

A

made up of starch, sugar and cellulose

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5
Q

whats cellulose

A

makes up part of the fibre that cannot be digested

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6
Q

what is protein

A

amino acids

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7
Q

what is fats end product

A

made up of glycerol and fatty acids

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8
Q

what are digestive enzymes

A

proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions

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9
Q

what are the digestive enzymes ?

A

amylase maltse
protease peptidase
lipase

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10
Q

digestive enzymes for carbo

A

amylase and maltase

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11
Q

digestive enzymes for protein

A

protease and peptidase

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12
Q

digestive enzymes for fats

A

lipase

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13
Q

what is substrate

A

substance that enzymes act on

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14
Q

what is carbohydrate’s end product

A

glucose

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15
Q

what is protein end product

A

amino acids

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16
Q

what does fats turn into

A

glycerol and fatty acids

17
Q

starch -> maltose by what

A

amylase

18
Q

maltose -> glucose by what

A

maltase

19
Q

protein -> polypeptides by what

A

protease

20
Q

polypeptides -> amino acids by what

A

peptidase

21
Q

factors that change active sites (from enzymes and substrates)

A

high temp and extreme changes in pH

22
Q

what does salivary glands do

A

secrete saliva

23
Q

what are the 3 fluids in the small intestine

A

intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and bile

24
Q

where does bile come from and where is it stored

A

bile comes from liver and stored in gallbladder

25
Q

function of bile

A

emulsification

26
Q

absorption in the small intestine only allows what type of molecules to pass by?

A

small molecules (sugar/amino acids)

27
Q

final products of digestion?

A

glucose, amino acids and fatty acids and glycerol

28
Q

what is egestion

A

when faeces are temporarily stored before gettting out thru the anus

29
Q

what does gastric juice contain

A

proteases and hydrochloric acid

30
Q

which nutrient(s) are digested in the stomach

A

protein

31
Q

which nutrient(s) are digested in the mouth

A

carbo

32
Q

what nutrient(s) are digested in the small intestine

A

fats carbo and protein

33
Q

what is duodenum

A

start of the small intestine

34
Q

what is emulsification

A

helps to physically break up FATS into smaller oil droplets

35
Q

what does the large intestine absorb

A

water and mineral salts

36
Q

what are some issues that affect the digestive system

A

constipation, gastric pain and food poisioning

science SEC 2 (7 decks)

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