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PHGY210 > DIGESTION > Flashcards

DIGESTION Flashcards

1
Q

Alimentary canal

A

continuous tube from the mouth to anus

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2
Q

Examples of accessory digestive organs

A

mouth, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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3
Q

What do the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder do?

A

secrete enzymes in the system

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4
Q

The function of the Gastrointestinal tract do?

A

Convey food along GIT, allowing it to be broken down into small molecules which can be absorbed into the circulation

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5
Q

Purpose of secretion

A

chemical breakdown by glandular activity - exocrine and endocrine

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6
Q

Purpose of motility

A

propulsion and physical breakdown - muscular activity

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7
Q

Purpose of absorption

A

transfer to blood circulation

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8
Q

GITs role

A

provide nutrients to the body

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9
Q

Digestive and Absorptive capacity of GIT

A

The GIT is efficent
Carbs = 99%
Fat = 95%
Protein = 92%

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10
Q

GIT structure

A

Tubular Nature

Communication with External Environment at Both Ends

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11
Q

Size of GIT compared to human

A

4.5 m vs 1.5 m

GIT Length is way larger

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12
Q

Internal vs external GIT surface area

A

600x larger internal surface area

200-250 m^2

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13
Q

Four functional layers of the GI tract (inside to outside)

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

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14
Q

Serosa

A

Thin, tough layer of connective tissue

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15
Q

Muscularis Externa

A

two layers of muscle (longitudinal and circular fibres)

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16
Q

Muscularis Externa muscle types

A

Mouth to Esophagus - striated muscle type
Esophagus to Anus - smooth muscle type
Anus - striated muscle type

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17
Q

Submucosa

A

Loose connective tissue containing lymphatics and blood vessels

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18
Q

Mucosa layers (outside to inside)

A

Muscularis mucosae, Lamina propria, Epithelial layer

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19
Q

Muscularis mucosae

A

smooth muscle

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20
Q

Lamina propria

A

loose connective tissue

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21
Q

Epithelial layer

A

epithelial and glandular cells play a role in the absorption

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22
Q

Longitudinal fibres

A

outer layer, when it contracts, GIT shortens

23
Q

Circular fibres

A

inner layer, when it contracts, lumen narrows

24
Q

Where is Muscularis Externa in striated?

A

oral cavity, pharynx, upper 1/3 esophagus and external anal sphincter

25
Q

Where is Muscularis Externa in smooth?

A

rest of the GIT

26
Q

Plexus

A

collection of nerve cell bodies

27
Q

Two types of plexus

A

submucosal plexus, myenteric plexus

28
Q

What do the plexus contain?

A

sensory neurons, motor/effector neurons

29
Q

Purpose of Interneurons in the GIT

A

expand the responses to stimuli in the GIT

30
Q

motor/effector neurons in the GIT

A

activate the secretory and muscle cells

31
Q

Types of Enteric Neurons

A

excitatory, inhibitory

32
Q

Excitatory enteric neurons release

A

ACh

33
Q

Inhibitory enteric neurons release

A

NANC (NO)

34
Q

What is Ach blocked by?

A

atropine

35
Q

Non-adrenergic, non cholinergic

A

NANC

36
Q

The ENS consists of the myenteric plexus between

A

longitudinal and circular muscle layers

37
Q

The ENS consists of ganglion cells and their processes which synapse with

A

smooth muscle cells, endocrine and exocrine cells, and other ganglion cells

38
Q

Enteric sensory fibers get information from

A

gut chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors

39
Q

Parasympathetic ganglions

A

preganglionic

40
Q

Sympathetic ganglions

A

postganglionic

41
Q

Where does the parasympathetic system innervate from?

A

vagus X, pelvic nerves

42
Q

Where does the sympathetic system innervate from?

A

celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric ganglion

43
Q

How does ANS influence the GIT

A

through the ENS

44
Q

Parasympathetic input on blood vessels

A

dilation of blood vessels

45
Q

Sympathetic input on blood vessels

A

constriction of blood vessels

46
Q

Parasympathetic affect on ENS

A

neurons reach the wall of the GIT as preganglionic fibers, synapsing (via nicotinic ACh receptors) with enteric neurons (both excitatory and inhibitory) exerting an excitatory effect.

47
Q

Sympathetic affect on ENS

A

neurons reach the wall of the GIT as postganglionic fibers, synapsing (via NA receptors) with enteric neurons (both excitatory and inhibitory) exerting an inhibitory effect

48
Q

Sympathetic neurons affect on smooth muscle in blood vessels

A

vasoconstriction

49
Q

What allows for long reflexes

A

Sensory neurons

50
Q

What does the ENS innervate (reflex)

A

independent, integrative innervation; regulates GIT via SHORT, INTRAMURAL REFLEXES

51
Q

What does the ANS innervate (reflex)

A

“modulates” ENS activity via LONG, EXTRINSIC REFLEXES – synaptic connections with ENS neurons

52
Q

What may influence the growth and development of GIT

A

Non-GIT hormones

53
Q

What may influence outside the GIT

A

GIT hormones

PHGY210 (6 decks)

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