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Biology > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

chemical and physical

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2
Q

what is chemical digestion?

A

the break DOWN of large insoluble food molecules to small soluble molecules by enzymes for absorption into blood

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3
Q

what is physical digestion?

A

the break UP of food with use of teeth and muscle

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4
Q

what enzyme breaks down protein and where is it found?

A

protease, in the stomach

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5
Q

what are proteins broken into?

A

amino acids

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6
Q

what enzyme breaks down starch, where is it found and what is it made into?

A

amylase, found in the salivary glands in the mouth and is made into glucose

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7
Q

what enzyme breaks down lipids and what is it broken into?

A

lipase, fatty acids and glycerol

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8
Q

what are proteins used for?

A

repairs and growth in muscles and tendons
hormones eg insulin
antibodies and enzymes/catalysts

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9
Q

how do we test for proteins?

A

biuret reagent test - it starts blue and goes purple in the presence of proteins.

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10
Q

what are lipids used for?

A

cell membranes, energy, hormones

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11
Q

how do we test for lipids?

A

emulsion test

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12
Q

what is the test for glucose and what are the steps?

A 
Benedict's test
take 5ml of Benedict's reagent
add 8 drops of carbohydrate solution
boil over flame or in boiling water for 2 mins
let solution cool down
if glucose isn't present colour is blue
if it is present colour is orange/red
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13
Q

what does bile break up?

A

fats

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14
Q

what is the function of the pancreas

A

makes enzymes for the small intestine

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15
Q

what is the function of the liver

A

makes bile

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16
Q

what is the function of the gall bladder

A

stores bile

17
Q

what is the function of the small intestine

A

chemical digestion and absorption of soluble foods

18
Q

what is the function of the large intestine

A

absorb water

19
Q

what is the optimum pH for the mouth

A

8 - saliva is alkaline

20
Q

what Is the optimum pH for stomach

A

1-2, it can destroy viruses/bacteria

21
Q

what is the optimum pH of the small intestine

A

8-9

22
Q

what order does food flow through the digestive system

A

mouth - oesophagus - stomach - small intestine - large intestine - rectum - anus

23
Q

what is one reason the stomach contains acids

A

it provides optimum pH for the protease enzyme

24
Q

how is the small intestine adapted to perform its function

A

large surface area for food storage and large blood supply to maintain concentration gradient of soluble food molecules, also has a thin wall of cells for shorter diffusion distance.

25
Q

what is ingestion

A

taking food into the body

26
Q

what is digestion

A

the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules to small soluble food molecules by enzymes for absorption into the blood

27
Q

what is absorption

A

taking soluble products of digestion into the blood

28
Q

what is assimilation

A

the processes by which soluble food molecules that have been absorbed into the blood are then used in the body

29
Q

what is egestion

A

removal of indigestible material from the body

30
Q

what is the contraction of muscles in the oesophagus allowing the movement of food along the digestive system

A

peristalsis

31
Q

what does bile do

A

neutralise the stomach acid and emulsifies fats - break fats into tiny droplets

32
Q

where is protease produced

A

stomach, small intestine, pancreas

33
Q

where is amylase made

A

salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine

34
Q

where are lipases made

A

pancreas, small intestine

35
Q

which group of digestive enzymes does amylase belong to

A

carbohydrases

36
Q

what are carbohydrates converted into

A

sugars

Biology (3 decks)

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