digest part 2

Question 1

where is the liver?

Answer 1

right side of the body beneath the diaphragm.

Question 2

Lobes of liver

Answer 2

It has 2 lobes, the right lobe is connected to the gall bladder by a duct.

Question 3

Function of the liver

Answer 3

1. Produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder and secretes bile to help breakdown fat
   2.Filters blood from the hepatic portal vein removing dead red blood cells, excess proteins etc.
   3.Detoxifies alcohol and drugs from the blood. The liver breaks down toxins converting them into less harmful substances.
   4.Stores: Vitamins A, B12, D, E, K
   5.Glycogen and converts it back to glucose to meet energy requirements.
   6.Produces Iron from the breakdown of red blood cells

Question 4

What vitmains do the liver store?

Answer 4

Vitamins A, B12, D, E, K

Question 5

What do the salivary glands secrete?

Answer 5

Salivary amylase

Question 6

What does the stomach secrete?

Answer 6

Rennin
Hydrocholric acid
pepsin

Question 7

What does the duodenum secrete?

Answer 7

1. Pancreatic Juice
   trypsin
   lipase
   amylase

2.BIle

Question 8

What does the small intestine (from the villi) secrete?

Answer 8

Intestinal juice

Question 9

pancreas function

Answer 9

It provides pancreatic juices containing enzymes to the duodenum via the pancreatic duct:
- Lipase (fat digestion)
- Amylase (starch digestion)
- Trypsin (protein digestion)

Question 10

where is the gall bladder

Answer 10

A pear shaped organ situated behind and attached to the liver by the bile and cystic ducts.

Question 11

functions of the gall bladder

Answer 11

Stores excess bile for the duodenum to breakdown fats
Secretes mucus

Question 12

There are 3 main groups of carbohydrates in food:

Answer 12

• Sugars
• Starches
• Cellulose

These are made up of simple and complex compounds consisting of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon.

Question 13

monosaccharide

Answer 13

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates since they cannot be hydrolyzed to smaller carbohydrates.

Question 14

Examples of monosaccharide

Answer 14

The three most common monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Question 15

glucose

Answer 15

Glucose (sugar) mainly comes from carbohydrates in the food and drinks you consume.
body’s main source of energy.
blood carries glucose to all of your body’s cells to use for energy.
Several bodily processes help keep your blood glucose in a healthy range.

Question 16

Disaccharide

Answer 16

A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or biose) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage.

Question 17

Examples of Disaccharide

Answer 17

They include sucrose, maltose and lactose.

Question 18

Polysaccharides

Answer 18

Polysaccharides are formed when many disaccharides are joined together as a complex carbohydrate.

Question 19

examples of Polysaccharides

Answer 19

Some starches are polysaccharides e.g. flour and potatoes, these are insoluble in water.

Question 20

cellulose

Answer 20

Cellulose is a molecule, consisting of hundreds – and sometimes even thousands – of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Cellulose is the main substance in the walls of plant cells, helping plants to remain stiff and upright. Humans cannot digest cellulose, but it is important in the diet as fibre.

Question 21

Proteins

Answer 21

A molecule made up of amino acids. Proteins are needed for the body to function properly. They are the basis of body structures, such as skin and hair, and of other substances such as enzymes, cytokines, and antibodies.

Question 22

Cytokines

Answer 22

Cytokines are small proteins that are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells.

When released, they signal the immune system to do its job.

Cytokines affect the growth of all blood cells and other cells that help the body’s immune and inflammation responses

Question 23

Fats

Answer 23

Another name for fat is lipid.
Fats are composed of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon.
Carbon and hydrogen atoms link to form saturated and unsaturated fats.

Question 24

Fatty acids, or triglycerides

Answer 24

Fatty acids, or triglycerides contain one molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids, they may be saturated or unsaturated.

Question 25

Fatty acids, or triglycerides stored

Answer 25

adipose tissue which acts as a shock absorber to protect organs, conserve heat and used as a reserve of energy.

Question 26

majority of fat is digested in?

Answer 26

small intestine

Question 27

gall bladder and digesting fats

Answer 27

releases bile which acts as an emulsifier.

Question 28

pancreatic and digesting fats

Answer 28

The pancreatic lipase takes over from the gall baldder and starts breaking down the fat