digest part 2 Flashcards
where is the liver?
right side of the body beneath the diaphragm.
Lobes of liver
It has 2 lobes, the right lobe is connected to the gall bladder by a duct.
Function of the liver
- Produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder and secretes bile to help breakdown fat
2.Filters blood from the hepatic portal vein removing dead red blood cells, excess proteins etc.
3.Detoxifies alcohol and drugs from the blood. The liver breaks down toxins converting them into less harmful substances.
4.Stores: Vitamins A, B12, D, E, K
5.Glycogen and converts it back to glucose to meet energy requirements.
6.Produces Iron from the breakdown of red blood cells
What vitmains do the liver store?
Vitamins A, B12, D, E, K
What do the salivary glands secrete?
Salivary amylase
What does the stomach secrete?
Rennin
Hydrocholric acid
pepsin
What does the duodenum secrete?
- Pancreatic Juice
trypsin
lipase
amylase
2.BIle
What does the small intestine (from the villi) secrete?
Intestinal juice
pancreas function
It provides pancreatic juices containing enzymes to the duodenum via the pancreatic duct:
- Lipase (fat digestion)
- Amylase (starch digestion)
- Trypsin (protein digestion)
where is the gall bladder
A pear shaped organ situated behind and attached to the liver by the bile and cystic ducts.
functions of the gall bladder
Stores excess bile for the duodenum to breakdown fats
Secretes mucus
There are 3 main groups of carbohydrates in food:
- Sugars
- Starches
- Cellulose
These are made up of simple and complex compounds consisting of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon.
monosaccharide
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates since they cannot be hydrolyzed to smaller carbohydrates.
Examples of monosaccharide
The three most common monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose.
glucose
Glucose (sugar) mainly comes from carbohydrates in the food and drinks you consume.
body’s main source of energy.
blood carries glucose to all of your body’s cells to use for energy.
Several bodily processes help keep your blood glucose in a healthy range.
Disaccharide
A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or biose) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage.
Examples of Disaccharide
They include sucrose, maltose and lactose.
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are formed when many disaccharides are joined together as a complex carbohydrate.
examples of Polysaccharides
Some starches are polysaccharides e.g. flour and potatoes, these are insoluble in water.
cellulose
Cellulose is a molecule, consisting of hundreds – and sometimes even thousands – of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
Cellulose is the main substance in the walls of plant cells, helping plants to remain stiff and upright. Humans cannot digest cellulose, but it is important in the diet as fibre.
Proteins
A molecule made up of amino acids. Proteins are needed for the body to function properly. They are the basis of body structures, such as skin and hair, and of other substances such as enzymes, cytokines, and antibodies.
Cytokines
Cytokines are small proteins that are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells.
When released, they signal the immune system to do its job.
Cytokines affect the growth of all blood cells and other cells that help the body’s immune and inflammation responses
Fats
Another name for fat is lipid.
Fats are composed of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon.
Carbon and hydrogen atoms link to form saturated and unsaturated fats.
Fatty acids, or triglycerides
Fatty acids, or triglycerides contain one molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids, they may be saturated or unsaturated.
Fatty acids, or triglycerides stored
adipose tissue which acts as a shock absorber to protect organs, conserve heat and used as a reserve of energy.
majority of fat is digested in?
small intestine
gall bladder and digesting fats
releases bile which acts as an emulsifier.
pancreatic and digesting fats
The pancreatic lipase takes over from the gall baldder and starts breaking down the fat
