Dig

Question 1

Majority of digestion takes place in ___ organ + length of the organ + its three parts

Answer 1

1. The small intestine
2. 6-7 meters
3. A) Jejunum
   B) ileum
   C) duodenum

Question 2

How long is the duodenum?

Answer 2

10-12 inches

Question 3

What controls the flow of material into the duodenum?

Answer 3

Pyloric sphincter

Question 4

What two organs produce secretions that end up in the duodenum?

Answer 4

1. The pancreas
2. The liver

Question 5

What does the liver produce?

Answer 5

Bile

Question 6

What gives bile it’s greenish colour

Answer 6

Bilirubin

Question 7

Where is bile stored?

Answer 7

In the gall bladder

Question 8

What does an emulsifying agent do?

Answer 8

Breaks down large fats to increase surface area

Question 9

What do bile salts do?

Answer 9

Emulsify + digest fats

Question 10

What sodium compound does pancreatic juices contain?

Answer 10

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 11

What does sodium bicarbonate do?

Answer 11

Neutralizes the chymes acidity

Question 12

What three enzymes does the pancreatic juices contain + their function?

Answer 12

1. Amylase: breaks down carbohydrates (starch)
2. Lipase: breaks down carbohydrates (lipids)
3. Trypepsin: breaks down proteins

Question 13

What produces the intestinal juices in the small intestine

Answer 13

Intestinal glands

Question 14

2 Intestinal juice enzymes and their functions:

Answer 14

1. Maltose: breaks down maltose into glucose
2. Peptidase: breaks down peptides into amino acids

Question 15

Where does absorption take place?

Answer 15

Small intestine (villi + microvilli)

Question 16

Is absorption passive? what does it require?

Answer 16

Mostly passive, requires ATP

Question 17

Where do sugars and amino acids go?

Answer 17

Bloodstream —> villi

Question 18

Where do glycerol and fatty acids go?

Answer 18

Absorbed via lacteals in villi

Question 19

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 19

Carries blood to the small intestine to the liver before circulation

Question 20

What is movement of the gut to push food through the gut tube called?

Answer 20

Peristalsis: keeps bolts moving in one direction throughout the digestive tract

Question 21

The 7 functions of the liver:

Answer 21

1. Detoxifies blood
2. Stores glucose as glycogen, (then can convert glycogen to glucose when blood sugar levels drop)
3. Destroys old red blood cells + converts hemoglobin to bile and stored bile in the gall bladder for fat emulsification
4. Produces urea from breakdown product of amino acids (urea is a nitrogenous waste that the liver removed from urine)
5. Makes blood proteins (albumins + fibrinogen from breakdown of amino acids)
6. Converts amino acids to glucose “gluconeogenesis”
7. Regulate blood cholesterol levels by converting bike salts for digestion + absorption
8. Liver stores iron+ vitamin A, D, E, K, B12

Question 22

What is bilirubin?

Answer 22

The breakdown product of hemoglobin, high amounts of bilirubin can cause jaundice

Question 23

3 main functions of stomachs in humans

Answer 23

1. Temporarily store food.
2. Contract and relax to mix and break down food.
3. Produce enzymes and other specialized cells to digest food.

Question 24

Explain the significance of pH with respect to the secretions of the stomach and intestine

Answer 24

Stomach: low pH activates pepsin which digests large proteins to small amino acid chains
Intestine: high pH neutralizes stomach pH

Question 25

Explain the general tole