Diffusion & Osmosis Flashcards
___ causes random motion of molecules, that ___ moves molecules in the biological system.
heat, passively
Brownian movement
the erratic random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid, as a result of continuous bombardment from molecules of the surrounding medium.
Diffusion
the passive directional movement of particles
Concentration gradient
the process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles
dialysis tubing
an artificial semi-permeable membrane tubing used in separation techniques of molecules
osmosis
molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one
water potential
a measurement of how freely water molecules can move within a system
Lysis
he disintegration of a cell by rupture of the cell wall or membrane.
hemolysis
the rupture or destruction of red blood cells.
plasmolysis
contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.
osmotic pressure
the minimum pressure applied to a solution to stop the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane.
tonicity
the pattern of tones or stress in speech.
crenated red blood cells
process in which red blood cells lose their ability to maintain an isotonic as a result of ionic changes in the blood or abnormalities in the cell membrane, of this disease, develops
lysed red blood cells
the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma).
turgid plant cell
when plant cells become swollen and hard when placed in dilute solutions
flaccid plant cell
a condition when a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution and lacks turgidity
How does Brownian movement relate to the movement of molecules?
the random movement of particles in a liquid or gas, caused by constant collisions with the atoms and molecules in the fluid
Factors that affect the direction of diffusion of osmosis
temperature, concentration gradient and pressure
Effects of solutions separated by dialysis tubing (movement of water not solutes)
excess fluid moves from sample to the dialysate through a membrane until the fluid level is the same between sample and dialysate.
Factors that affect the rate of diffusion of osmosis
Steepness of gradient. Molecule size, polarity and solubility.
Solution
Homogeneous liquid mixture of two or more kinds of molecules
Solute
A substance dissolved in a solution
Solvent
Fluid that dissolves substances
Solvent
Fluid that dissolves substances