Diffusion & Osmosis Flashcards

1
Q

___ causes random motion of molecules, that ___ moves molecules in the biological system.

A

heat, passively

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2
Q

Brownian movement

A

the erratic random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid, as a result of continuous bombardment from molecules of the surrounding medium.

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3
Q

Diffusion

A

the passive directional movement of particles

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4
Q

Concentration gradient

A

the process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles

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5
Q

dialysis tubing

A

an artificial semi-permeable membrane tubing used in separation techniques of molecules

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6
Q

osmosis

A

molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one

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7
Q

water potential

A

a measurement of how freely water molecules can move within a system

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8
Q

Lysis

A

he disintegration of a cell by rupture of the cell wall or membrane.

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9
Q

hemolysis

A

the rupture or destruction of red blood cells.

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10
Q

plasmolysis

A

contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.

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11
Q

osmotic pressure

A

the minimum pressure applied to a solution to stop the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane.

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12
Q

tonicity

A

the pattern of tones or stress in speech.

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13
Q

crenated red blood cells

A

process in which red blood cells lose their ability to maintain an isotonic as a result of ionic changes in the blood or abnormalities in the cell membrane, of this disease, develops

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14
Q

lysed red blood cells

A

the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma).

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15
Q

turgid plant cell

A

when plant cells become swollen and hard when placed in dilute solutions

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16
Q

flaccid plant cell

A

a condition when a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution and lacks turgidity

17
Q

How does Brownian movement relate to the movement of molecules?

A

the random movement of particles in a liquid or gas, caused by constant collisions with the atoms and molecules in the fluid

18
Q

Factors that affect the direction of diffusion of osmosis

A

temperature, concentration gradient and pressure

19
Q

Effects of solutions separated by dialysis tubing (movement of water not solutes)

A

excess fluid moves from sample to the dialysate through a membrane until the fluid level is the same between sample and dialysate.

20
Q

Factors that affect the rate of diffusion of osmosis

A

Steepness of gradient. Molecule size, polarity and solubility.

21
Q

Solution

A

Homogeneous liquid mixture of two or more kinds of molecules

22
Q

Solute

A

A substance dissolved in a solution

23
Q

Solvent

A

Fluid that dissolves substances

24
Q

Solvent

A

Fluid that dissolves substances