Diffusion Flashcards
Osmosis is what?
Diffusion of water
What occurs during osmosis?
Occurs across a membrane freely
Factors that affect diffusion rate are what?
Size of the quadrant Distance Size of the molecule Temperature Electrical forces
Osmosis occurs across what and how?
A membrane freely
What is osmosis permeable to? Freely or not freely.
It is freely permeable to water
Is osmosis permeable to solute? Freely or not freely?
Yes osmosis is permeable to solute not freely
What is the difference between osmosis to water and solute? How are they the same?
They are different because osmosis is freely permeable to water but is not freely permeable by solute.
They are the same because osmosis is permeable to both water and solute.
Where does water flow toward during osmosis?
The side with the least amount of solute. (Less water)
Osmosis accounts for fluid shifts in the body called what and why?
ICF &ECF to maintain homeostasis
What is force of flow
It is osmotic pressure; the pressure required to prevent osmosis
What is osmotic pressure?
The pressure required to prevent osmosis
What is Fluid/ Electrolyte Equilibrium?
When intracellular fluid& extra cellular fluid have the same concentration. They are isotonic with each other so there is no fluid shift.
What causes intracellular fluid and extra cellular fluid to not have a fluid shift?
When they have the same concentration meaning they are isotonic to each other
What does it mean when intracellular fluids and extracellular fluids don’t have a fluid shift?
They are isotonic to each other
If a fluid has decreased solute and increased water it is a what?
It is a hypotonic fluid
If a fluid has increased solute and decreased water is is what?
It is a hypertonic fluid
Between a hypotonic and hypertonic fluid which one will cause a fluid shift? And why?
They both will because water moves towards higher solute.
If the ECF is hypotonic to ICF; the fluid will shift out of the cell and cause what?
Shriveling or crenation.
What is crenation and what causes it?
It is the shriveling of the cell from fluid shifting from hypertonic to hypotonic fluid
What does the carrier meditated transport use for transport?
It uses membrane proteins specific for the substance being transported
What is Carrier meditated transport regulated by?
Hormones or ions
What does the rate of carrier meditated transport depend on
The number of active carrier proteins
What is saturation?
Maximum rate of active carrier proteins
What is facilitated diffusion
High concentration to low concentration
What does facilitated diffusion require
A protein carrier and a concentration gradient
Is facilitated diffusion passive or non passive? Does it require the use of ATP?
It is passive no it does not require ATP
What is active transport
When particles move against their gradient
What does active transport require?
Active transport requires a carrier and cellular energy(ATP)
Is active transport active or non active? Does it require a concentration gradient?
Active transport is active; no it does not require a concentration gradient
What is active transport often called?
“Pumps”
What is Vesicular Transport? “Bulk transport”
Formation of a vesicle
Occurs as an action of the cell membrane
What is “Endocytosis”?
Taking within the cell.
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
What is Phagocytosis
A solid (eating)
What is Pinocytosis
Liquid (drinking)
How is Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis the same? How are they different?
They are the same because they are both “Endocytosis” they both take substances in the cell.
They are different because phagocytosis is bringing in solids to the cell. Pinocytosis is bringing in fluids to the cell.
What is Exocytosis?
Releasing to the outside of the cell
What is Genetic code?
It is the instructions for synthesis of all the proteins the body would possibly need
Where can you find a cells genetic Code?
It is held within DNA in the nucleus
Where are all proteins made?
From amino acids in a chain
The genetic code is in the arrangement of the bases what?
A- adinene
T-thymine
C-cytosine
G-guanine
Every three bases is the code for how many amino acids?
One amino acid
What is a “gene”?
All the triplets the produce a protein
What is a chromosome
Many genes in a strand
What is a transcription
The formation of mRNA from DNA template
What is a mRNA
Messenger ribonucleic acid
What is the base paring rule for DNA and RNA?
DNA RNA
A=T. A=U
C=G C=G
Each triplet on mRNA is a what?
Codon
mRNA travels to the what and stops at what?
mRNA travels to the cytoplasm and stops the the ribosome
What are tRNA called
tRNA is called anticodons
What is translation
Formation of the protein from the code on mRNA
Each codon on mRNA designates a what
Amino acid
As mRNA goes through the ribosome the corresponding ____________ binds briefly with its codon on mRNA and brings its amino acids with it
tRNA anticodon
What kind of bond connects the amino acids
A peptide bond
What are the three steps of translation
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
