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Chapter 3 Cellular Level Of Organization > Diffusion > Flashcards

Diffusion Flashcards

1
Q

Osmosis is what?

A

Diffusion of water

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2
Q

What occurs during osmosis?

A

Occurs across a membrane freely

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3
Q

Factors that affect diffusion rate are what?

A 
Size of the quadrant
Distance
Size of the molecule
 Temperature
Electrical forces
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4
Q

Osmosis occurs across what and how?

A

A membrane freely

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5
Q

What is osmosis permeable to? Freely or not freely.

A

It is freely permeable to water

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6
Q

Is osmosis permeable to solute? Freely or not freely?

A

Yes osmosis is permeable to solute not freely

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7
Q

What is the difference between osmosis to water and solute? How are they the same?

A

They are different because osmosis is freely permeable to water but is not freely permeable by solute.
They are the same because osmosis is permeable to both water and solute.

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8
Q

Where does water flow toward during osmosis?

A

The side with the least amount of solute. (Less water)

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9
Q

Osmosis accounts for fluid shifts in the body called what and why?

A

ICF &ECF to maintain homeostasis

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10
Q

What is force of flow

A

It is osmotic pressure; the pressure required to prevent osmosis

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11
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

The pressure required to prevent osmosis

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12
Q

What is Fluid/ Electrolyte Equilibrium?

A

When intracellular fluid& extra cellular fluid have the same concentration. They are isotonic with each other so there is no fluid shift.

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13
Q

What causes intracellular fluid and extra cellular fluid to not have a fluid shift?

A

When they have the same concentration meaning they are isotonic to each other

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14
Q

What does it mean when intracellular fluids and extracellular fluids don’t have a fluid shift?

A

They are isotonic to each other

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15
Q

If a fluid has decreased solute and increased water it is a what?

A

It is a hypotonic fluid

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16
Q

If a fluid has increased solute and decreased water is is what?

A

It is a hypertonic fluid

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17
Q

Between a hypotonic and hypertonic fluid which one will cause a fluid shift? And why?

A

They both will because water moves towards higher solute.

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18
Q

If the ECF is hypotonic to ICF; the fluid will shift out of the cell and cause what?

A

Shriveling or crenation.

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19
Q

What is crenation and what causes it?

A

It is the shriveling of the cell from fluid shifting from hypertonic to hypotonic fluid

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20
Q

What does the carrier meditated transport use for transport?

A

It uses membrane proteins specific for the substance being transported

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21
Q

What is Carrier meditated transport regulated by?

A

Hormones or ions

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22
Q

What does the rate of carrier meditated transport depend on

A

The number of active carrier proteins

23
Q

What is saturation?

A

Maximum rate of active carrier proteins

24
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

High concentration to low concentration

25
Q

What does facilitated diffusion require

A

A protein carrier and a concentration gradient

26
Q

Is facilitated diffusion passive or non passive? Does it require the use of ATP?

A

It is passive no it does not require ATP

27
Q

What is active transport

A

When particles move against their gradient

28
Q

What does active transport require?

A

Active transport requires a carrier and cellular energy(ATP)

29
Q

Is active transport active or non active? Does it require a concentration gradient?

A

Active transport is active; no it does not require a concentration gradient

30
Q

What is active transport often called?

A

“Pumps”

31
Q

What is Vesicular Transport? “Bulk transport”

A

Formation of a vesicle

Occurs as an action of the cell membrane

32
Q

What is “Endocytosis”?

A

Taking within the cell.
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis

33
Q

What is Phagocytosis

A

A solid (eating)

34
Q

What is Pinocytosis

A

Liquid (drinking)

35
Q

How is Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis the same? How are they different?

A

They are the same because they are both “Endocytosis” they both take substances in the cell.
They are different because phagocytosis is bringing in solids to the cell. Pinocytosis is bringing in fluids to the cell.

36
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

Releasing to the outside of the cell

37
Q

What is Genetic code?

A

It is the instructions for synthesis of all the proteins the body would possibly need

38
Q

Where can you find a cells genetic Code?

A

It is held within DNA in the nucleus

39
Q

Where are all proteins made?

A

From amino acids in a chain

40
Q

The genetic code is in the arrangement of the bases what?

A

A- adinene
T-thymine
C-cytosine
G-guanine

41
Q

Every three bases is the code for how many amino acids?

A

One amino acid

42
Q

What is a “gene”?

A

All the triplets the produce a protein

43
Q

What is a chromosome

A

Many genes in a strand

44
Q

What is a transcription

A

The formation of mRNA from DNA template

45
Q

What is a mRNA

A

Messenger ribonucleic acid

46
Q

What is the base paring rule for DNA and RNA?

A

DNA RNA
A=T. A=U
C=G C=G

47
Q

Each triplet on mRNA is a what?

A

Codon

48
Q

mRNA travels to the what and stops at what?

A

mRNA travels to the cytoplasm and stops the the ribosome

49
Q

What are tRNA called

A

tRNA is called anticodons

50
Q

What is translation

A

Formation of the protein from the code on mRNA

51
Q

Each codon on mRNA designates a what

A

Amino acid

51
Q

As mRNA goes through the ribosome the corresponding ____________ binds briefly with its codon on mRNA and brings its amino acids with it

A

tRNA anticodon

52
Q

What kind of bond connects the amino acids

A

A peptide bond

53
Q

What are the three steps of translation

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Chapter 3 Cellular Level Of Organization (1 decks)

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