Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases Flashcards
def of DPLD
interstitial lung disease
effecting the alveolar walls
how is the disorders characterized ?
radiological diffuse infiltrates, fibrosis
histologically by distortion of the gas exchange units
physiologically by restriction of lung volumes and oxygenation
what part of the lung is involved ?
alveolar epithelium
alveolar space
pulmonary microvasculature
respiratory bronchioles
interstitium
what are the diseases of known causes ?
Pneumoconioses
drug-induced pulmonary injury
smoking
radiation
CT diseases
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
what are the diseases of unknown causes
Sarcoidosis
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
IPF
Acute interstitial pneumonia
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
what are the pulmonary manifestations of Wegener granulomatosis
Alveolar hemorrhage, nodules, tracheal/subglottic stenosis.
What antibody is associated with Wegener granulomatosis?
ANCA (antiproteinase-3 antibodies).
What are the upper respiratory manifestations of Wegener granulomatosis?
Crusting, sinusitis, otitis media, chondritis of ears and nose, nose deformity, septal perforation.
What is a key characteristic of pulmonary involvement in Churg-Strauss granulomatosis?
Asthma, nodular opacities, infiltrates.
What distinguishes the immune mechanism in Churg-Strauss granulomatosis?
Immune necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilic infiltration of vessel walls.
dianostic approach and evaluation
imaging
Biopsy
- Brochoalveloar lavage
- Transbronchial biopsy
- open lung biopsy
common modes of clinical presentation
dyspena
cough
CT disease
X-ray
restrictive ventilatory pattern (spirometry)
diagnostic approach and evaluation
non-productive cough
dyspnea
ehat are the occupational history and specific exposures ?
Pneumoconiosis
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
what is the duration of acute DPLD and the underlying diseases ?
< 3 weeks
acute idiopathoc interstitial pneumonia
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Criptogenic organizing pneumonia
