Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chest Imaging > Diffuse Lung disease > Flashcards

Diffuse Lung disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are clinically present in interstitial lung disease

A

restrictive lung disease and hypoxemia on pulmonary function tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Scaffolding of the lung, providing support for the airways, gas-exchanging units and vascular structures

A

Pulmonary interstititum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The central interstitial compartment extending from the mediastinum peripherally and enveloping the bronchovascular bundles is termed the

A

Axial interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Axial interstitium is contiguous with the interstitium surrounding the small centrilobular arterieand bronchiole within the secondary pulmonary lobule, where it is called

A

Centrilobular intersititium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The most peripheral component of the interstitium is the

A

Subpleural or peripheral interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Invaginations of the subpleural interstitium into the lung parenchyma from the borders of the secondary pulmonary lobules and represent the

A

Interlobular septa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fine network of connective tissue fibers that support the alveolar spaces

A

intralobular, parenchymal or alveolar interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

defined as that subsegment of lung supplied by three to five terminal bronchioles and separated from adjacent secondary lobules by intervening connective tissue (interlobular septa)

A

secondary pulmonary lobule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

each terminal bronchiole subdivide into

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

unit of lung subtended from a single terminal bronchiole is called a

A

pulmonary acinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

located in the center of secondary lobule

A

centrilobular artery, preterminal bronchiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

present at the margins of lobules within the interlobular septa, found within the contiguous subpleural interstitium

A

lymphatic and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

secondary pulmonary lobule is typically of what shape

A

polyhedral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

normally 0.1 mm thick and can be seen in lung periphery, particularly along the superior and inferior pleural surfaces

A

interlobular septa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are V- or Y- shaped structures on thin-section CT seen within 5 to 10 mm of pleural surface

A

centrilobular arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

normal airways are visible only to within ___cm of the pleura

A

3cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

has a diameter of 1mm and a wall thickness of 0.15 mm, not normally visible on thin-section CT

A

centrilobular brochiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

occassionally seen as linear or dot-like structures within 1-2 cm of the pleura and when visible, may indicate the locations of interlobular septa

A

pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

normally not visible on thin section CT

A

peribronchovascular, centrilobular, and intralobular interstitial compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

interlobular lines on thin-section CT are equivalent of _____ lines seen in the inferolateral portions of the lungs on frontal radiographs

A

Kerley B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

within the central regions of the lung, long (2-6 cm) linear opacities representing obliquely oriented connective tissue septa are the equivalent of ______ lines

A

Kerley A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

thickened intralobular lines are usually from

A

fibrosis, UIP, IPF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

seen within the central portion of pulmonary lobule radiating outward the thickened lobular borders to produce a “spoke-and-wheel” or “spider web” appearance

A

intralobular septa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

nodular fissural thickening are usually seen in

A

sarcoidosis and lympangitic carcinomatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

can either result in smooth or irregular peribronchovascular thickening

A

lymphangitic carcinomatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

centrilobular abnormalities are usually seen in

A

subacute hypersensitive pneumonitis, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Probably represent an early phase of lung fibrosis. 5-10cm long curvilinear opacities found within 1cm of the pleura and parallel chest wall

A

Subpleural lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Small 6-10mm cystic spaces with 1-3mm walls, most often present in the posterior subpleural regions of the lower lobes, and result from end stage pulmonary fibrosis from a variety of etiologies

A

Honeycomb cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Nontapering linear opacities 2-5 cm in length, that extend from the lung to contact pleural surface

A

Parenchymal bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Common manifestation of late stages of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, also known as eosinophilic granulomatosis and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Slightly larger in diameter and have thinner walls than honeycomb cyst

A

Thin-walled cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Area of increased attenuation within which the normal parenchymal structures are visible

A

Ground glass opacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

1-3 mm sharply marginated round opacities seen on thin section CT which represent conglomerates of granulomas or tumor cells within the interstitium

A

Micronodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Most often produced by thickening of the alveolar septa, with or without the lining of alveolar spaces, by inflammatory exudate or fluid

A

Ground glass opacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Presence of these opacities is important because it often implies an active inflammatory process of edema that is reversivle and warrants aggressive treatment

A

Ground glass opacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ground glass abnormality associated with a predominant pattern of honeycombing indicates

A

Microscopic pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Finding commonly associated with architectural distortion is

A

Traction bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Refers to increased lung density that obscures underlying blood vessels; air bronchograms are commonly present

A

Consolidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Results from diffuse inflammatory processes that primarily affect the axial and parenchymal interstitium of the lung

A

Chronic interstitial disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Chronic interstitial pulmonary edema are commonly seen in patients with

A

Long standing mitral stenosis, or LV failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Redistribution of blood flow to the upper lobes is a manifestation of

A

Pulmonary venous hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Redistribution of blood flow to the upper lobes, prominence of fissures caused by subpleural edema and fibrosis are concomitant findings in pulmonary venous hypertension. Presence of honeycombing is not a feature of chronic PVH, however if present in a patient with cardiac disease, another cause of pulmonary fibrosis such as ____ may be considered

A

Amiodarone lung toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Pulmonary involvement in RA is more common in what gender

A

Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

True or false: pleuropulmonary manifestations of RA typically follow the onser of joint disease and tend to be seen in patients with high serum RA factor titers and eosinophilia

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Most common radiographic manifestation of RA lung involvement

A

Interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Most common thoracic manifestation of rheumatoid disease and is found in 20% of patients

A

Pleuritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Pleural effusions in RA are transudative or exudative

A

Exudative, with low glucose concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

May develop from diffuse interstitial fibrosis secondary to rheumatoid disease

A

Enlargement of central pulmonary arteries and right heart dilatation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Chest wall abnormalities that may be seen with RA

A

Tapered erosion of distal clavicles, rotator cuff atrophy with high-riding humeral head, bilateral symmetric glenohumeral joint space narrowing, with or without superimposed degenerative joint disease and superior rib notching or erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Thorax is commonly affected and may be the initial site of involvement in SLE. The thoracic disease is often limited to the

A

Pleura and pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

In SLE, pleura and pericardium exhibits _____ which produces painful exudative pleural and pericardial effusions

A

Fibrinous serositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Results in diffuse pleural thickening and is present in the majority of patients with long standing SLE

A

Pleural fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Pleural effusions in SLE typically improves after what tx

A

Corticosteroid therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Characterized by rapid onset of fever, dyspnea and hypoxemia, which may require ventilation in patients with SLE

A

Acute lupus pneumonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Produces inflammation and fibrosis of the skin, esophagus, msk, heart, lungs and kidneys in young and middle-aged women

A

Scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

True or false: in scleroderma, lungs are involved pathologically in nearly 90% of patients, altho only 25% have respiratory symptoms or radiographic evidence of pulmonary involvement

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Can be seen in up to 50% of patients with scleroderma and may be seen in the absence of interstitial fibrosis

A

Pulmonary arterial hypertension with enlarged central pulmonary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with scleroderma results from

A

Thickening and obliteration of small muscular pulmonary arteries and arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

True or false, pleural effusions are significantly less common in scleroderma than in rheumatoid disease or SLE

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Common lung ca that may be present with scleroderma

A

Bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Involve autoimmune inflammation and destruction of skeletal muscle, producing proximal muscle pain and weakness and occassionally associated with a skin radh

A

Dermatomyositis and polymyositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Lung ca that is mostly seen in patietns with dermatomyositis or polymyositis

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Autoimmune disorder of middle-aged women is characterized by sicca syndrome which results from lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrimal, salivary and mucous glands, respectively

A

Sjogren syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Components of sicca syndrome

A

Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), dry mouth (xerostamia), dry nose (xerorhinia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Patients with Sjogren syndrome are at increased risk for developing

A

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis and non-hodgkin pulmonary lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Possible Lung findings in ankylosing spondylitis

A

Upper lobe pulmonary fibrosis, bullae and cavities which are prone to mycetoma formation with aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Most common form of IIP

A

Usual IP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Distinguishing histologic feature of UIP

A

Different stages of the disease are seen simultaneously within different portions of the lung (temporal heterogeneity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Pulmonary function tests in UIP presents as

A

Restrictive disease, and a decreased diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Age of onset and gender predilection of UIP

A

5th to 7th decades and male predominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Distribution of UIP

A

Basal predominant, subpleural predominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Most common histologic type of lung cancer in IPF

A

Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Many cases of NSIP are seen associated with

A

Collagen vascular disease or as drug reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Distribution of ground glass opacities and consolidation in NSIP

A

Peripheral and lower zone distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Honeycombing is seen frequently in UIP or NSIP?

A

UIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Distribution of ggo, small centrilobular nodules in respiratory bronchiolitis associated interstitial pneumonia

A

Upper lobe

76
Q

Usual concomitant finding in respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease

A

Emphysema

77
Q

Interstitial pneumonia characterized by accumulation of macrophages within alveolar spaces

A

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia

78
Q

IP usually seen in smokers

A

DIP

79
Q

Typical radiographic findings in DIP

A

Basilar reticular opacities with normal or minimally diminished lung volumes, mostly often within the peripheral aspects of the bases

80
Q

Characterized by the widespread deposition of granulation tissue (fibroblasts,collagen and capillaries) within peribronchiolar airspaces and bronchioles

A

Organizing pneumonia or COP

81
Q

Viral infections such as influenza, adenovirus and measles, toxic fume inhalation ( sulfur dioxide, chlorine); collagen vascular disease (RA and SLE); organ transplantation, drug reactions and chronic aspiration shows what type of pneumonia

A

OP or COP

82
Q

Characteristic histologic changes in COP

A

Absence of parenchymal distortion and fibrosis

83
Q

Also known as Hamman-Rich syndrome, which is an acute, aggressive form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis. Presents with a brief history of cough, fever, and dyspnea that progresses rapidly to severe hypoxemia and respiratory failure requiring mech vent

A

Acute interstitial pneumonia

84
Q

Rare, potentially fatal disease characterized by elastic tissue-rich fibrosis involving the pleura and adjacent lung parenchyma

A

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis

85
Q

Most severely involved lobe in pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis

A

Upper lobes

86
Q

Thoracic manifestations of NF1

A

Kyphoscoliosis, scalloping of posterior aspect of vertebral bodies caused by dural ectasia, ribbon rib and rib notching

87
Q

Mediastinal masses in patients with NF1 include

A

Neurofibromas, lateral thoracic meningoceles, extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas

88
Q

Classic triad of tuberous sclerosis

A

Seizures, mental retardation and adenoma sebaceum

89
Q

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is an uncommon condition that is seen exclusively in

A

Women

90
Q

Rare condition that typically affectd woman of childbearing age who presents with progressive dyspnea or a spontaneous pneumothorax. Hemoptysis may also be seen in some patients, presumambly related to pulmonary venous obstruction by smooth muscle proliferation

A

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

91
Q

Drug that may slow the progression of LAM

A

Antiprogesterone agents such as tamoxifen

92
Q

Type of alveolar septal amyloidosis in which there is no associated chronic disease or in which there is an underlying plasma cell disorder

A

Primary

93
Q

Type of alveolar septal amyloidosis where there is an underlying chronic abnormality such as TB

A

Secondary

94
Q

Type of amyloidosis that is usually localized to nervous tissue

A

Familial

95
Q

Three major patterns of amyloid deposition within the lungs and airways

A

Tracheobronchial, nodular parenchymal, diffuse parenchymal (alveolar septal)

96
Q

Amyloid is deposited in the parenchymal interstitium and within the media of small blood vessels

A

Alveolar septal amyloidosis

97
Q

True or false. There is no effective treatment in alveolar septal amyloidosis

A

True

98
Q

Lung biopsy findings in amyloidosia

A

Amorphous eosinophilic material thickening the alveolar septa that appears apple green in color when stained with congo redo

99
Q

Used to describe the nonneoplastic reaction of the lungs to inhaled inorganic dust particles

A

Pneumoconiosis

100
Q

2 types of pathologic reaction in pneumoconiosis

A

Fibrosis and aggregation of particle-laden macrophages

101
Q

What type of asbestos have a greater fibrogenic and carcinoenic potential

A

Amphiboles

102
Q

Most common disease associated with asbestosis

A

Pleural disease, as parietal pleural plaques

103
Q

Pulmonary parenchymal manifestations of asbestosis

A

Rounded atelectasis, interstitial fibrosis, and bronchogenic carcinoma

104
Q

True or false, development of asbestosis depends on both the length and severity of exposure, and clinical manifestations are usually not apparent for 20 to 40 years following initial exposure

A

True

105
Q

Most common ct finding in asbestos-exposed individuals

A

Interlobular septal thickening

106
Q

2 histopathologic reaction to silicosis

A

Silicotic nodules and silicoproteinosis

107
Q

Silicotic nodules measures ___ and are made up of dense concentric lamellae of collagen

A

1-10 mm

108
Q

Silicotic nodules are typically most numerous in what regions

A

Upper lobes and parahilar regions

109
Q

Exposure of how many years before radiographic changes of fibrotic silicosis develops

A

10-20 years

110
Q

Hilar nodes in silicosis often demonstrate

A

Eggshell calcification

111
Q

Patients with acute silicoproteinosis have an increased susceptibility to

A

TB and nocardia

112
Q

2 characteristic pathologic finding in CWP

A

Coal dust macule and PMF

113
Q

Round or stellate nodules ranging in size from 1-5mm seen in cwp

A

Coal dust macule

114
Q

Defined as nodular or mass-like lesions exceeding 2-3 cm in diameter that are composed of irregular fibrosis and pigment seen in cwp

A

PMF

115
Q

PMF in cwp are often seen in what lung segments

A

Posterior segments of upper lobes and superior segments of lower lobes

116
Q

Also known as rheumatoid pneumoconiosis seen in coal workers with RA, characterized radiographically by nodular opacities 0.5 to 5 cm in diameter that develop rapidly and tend to appear in crops. Nodules are more sharply defined and seen more peripherally than the masses of PMF

A

Caplan syndrome

117
Q

Pneumoconiosis that produces a reaction that mimics sarcoidosis

A

Chronic berylliosis

118
Q

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is an immunologic pulmonary disorder associated with the inhalation of one of the antigenic organic dusts

A

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

119
Q

Exposure to moldy hay produce

A

Farmer’s lung

120
Q

Exposure to water reservoirs contaminated by thermophilic bacteria

A

Humidifier lung

121
Q

Exposure to avian proteins in feathers and excreta produce

A

Bird fancier’s lung

122
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is produced in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Type 3 (immune complex) reaction

123
Q

Radiographic features of early hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Fine nodular or ground glass opacities most often seen in lower lobes

124
Q

Chronic changes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Diffuse coarse reticular or reticulonodular opacities in mid lung and upper lung zones, honeycomb pattern with loss of lung volume

125
Q

This disease should be considered when repeated episodes of rapidly changing ground glass or airspace opacification are seen in a patient with underlying coarse interstitial lung disease

A

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

126
Q

Cylindrical bronchiectasis in upper and lower lobes appears as multiple dilated thick-walled circular lucencies, with the adjoining artery giving each dilated bronchus the appearanxe of a

A

Signet ring

127
Q

In the mid-lung, where the bronchi course horizontally, the appearance of bronchiectasis is that of parallel linear opacities called

A

Tram tracks

128
Q

Detection of varicose bronchiectasis along with the classically described finger-in-glove appearance of mucoid impaction in an asthmatic patient should suggest the diagnosis of

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

129
Q

A vicous cycle of recurrent infection in cystic fibrosis is most often caused by what organisms which eventually causes severe bronchiectasis

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa or staph aureus

130
Q

True or false: distal atelectasis and obstructive pneumonitis are common findings in cystic fibrosis

A

True

131
Q

Disorder in which the epithelial cilial motion is abnormal and ineffective

A

Primary ciliary dyskinesia aka dysmotile cilia syndrome

132
Q

May result in rhinitis, sinusitis,bronchiectasis, dysmotile spermatozoa and sterility, situs inversus, and dextrocardia

A

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

133
Q

what phase of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: airspace opacities

A

acute

134
Q

what phase of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: patchy areas of ggo and poorly defined (fuzzy) centrilobular nodules

A

subacute

135
Q

what phase of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: fibrosis; interlobular and intralobular interstitial thickening, honeycombing and traction bronchiectasis

A

chronic

136
Q

lobes mostly affected in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

mid to lower lung zones

137
Q

radiographic feature of hypersensitivity pneumonitis that may help distinguish it from UIP

A

relative sparing of costophrenic angles in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

138
Q

characterized histologically by noncaseating granulomas that may progress to fibrosis

A

sarcoidosis

139
Q

detected in bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with sarcoidosis

A

excess number of T-helper lymphocytes

140
Q

giant cells in the granulomas of sarcoidosis that may contain dark-staining lamellated structures within their cytoplasm

A

Schaumann bodies

141
Q

approximately 90% involves this interstitium in the lung that makes blind transbronchial biopsy in sarcoidosis possible

A

axial interstitium

142
Q

key feature in sarcoidosis that allows distinction from malignancy and TB

A

symmetric lymph node enlargement

143
Q

most common parenchymal abnormality in sarcoidosis

A

bilateral symmetric reticulonodular opacities

144
Q

usual lobes affected in sarcoidosis

A

mid and upper lung zones

145
Q

Sarcoidosis stage: bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement

A

stage 1

146
Q

sarcoidosis stage: bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement and parenchymal disease

A

stage 2

147
Q

sarcoidosis stage: parenchymal disease only

A

stage 3

148
Q

sarcoidosis stage: pulmonary fibrosis

A

stage 4

149
Q

characteristic pulmonary function test finding in LCH

A

restrictive and obstructive patterns and a diminished diffusing capacity

150
Q

systemic autoimmune disorder characterized pathologically by a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis involving the upper and lower respiratory tracts and kidneys

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis

151
Q

characteristic lesions in the lungs are discrete nodules or masses of granulomatous inflammation with central necrosis and cavitation

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis

152
Q

true or false: renal involvement follows respiratory involvement in 90% of patients with granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

true

153
Q

treatment for granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

cyclophosphamide (cytoxan) and cotrimoxazole (Bactrim)

154
Q

a transient pulmonary process characterized pathologiclly by pulmonary infiltration with an eosinophilic exudate. Most patients have a history of allergy, most commonly asthma

A

simple pulmonary eosinophilia aka Loffler syndrome

155
Q

characteristic radiographic findings in Loffler syndrome

A

peripheral, homogeneous, ill-defined areas of airspace opacities that may parallel the chest wall

156
Q

true or false: most patients with Loffler syndrome have self-limiting illness that resolves spontaneously within 4 weeks

A

true

157
Q

idiopathic condition characterized by severe dyspnea and hypoxa lasting <5 days and > 25% eosinophils on pulmonary lavage. Progression is rapid as is resolution after steroid therapy

A

acute eosinophilic pneumonia

158
Q

eosinophilic pneumonia is considered chronic after how many months with symptoms

A

1 month

159
Q

chronic eosinophilic pneumonia has predilection for what gender

A

women

160
Q

systemic disorder with a male predominance that is characterized by multiple organ damage from eosinophilic infiltration of tissues

A

hypereosinophilic syndrome

161
Q

true or false: in hypereosinophilic syndrome, major chest findings are associated with cardiac involvement causing congestive heard failure: cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema and PE

A

true

162
Q

drugs associated with pulmonary eosinophilia

A

nitrofurantoin and penicillin

163
Q

parasitic infections most commonly attributed with pulmonary eosinophilia

A

filaria, ascaric lumbricoides and strongyloides stercoralis

164
Q

predominant chest radiographic finding in polyarteritis nodosa is

A

hemorrhage caused by a vasculitis involving the bronchial arterial circulation

165
Q

multisystem disorder in which asthma, blood eosinophilia, necrotizing vasculitis and extravascular granulomas are invariable features

A

allergic angitis and granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)

166
Q

major histologic principal patterns of drug-induced lung damage are

A

DAD, UIP, NSIP, bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia, eosinophilic lung disease, and pulmonary hemorrhage

167
Q

histologic patterns of drug induced lung damage that result from an acute lung insult

A

DAD, eosinophilic lung disease and pulmonary hemorrhage

168
Q

histologic patterns of drug induced lung damage that result from an chronic lung toxicity

A

UIP, NSIP and BOOP

169
Q

most commonly results from an acute insult to the lungs resulting in damage to type II pneumocytes and the alveolar endothelium

A

DAD

170
Q

also referred to as chronic interstitial pneumonia when known to result from drug toxicitiy

A

NSIP

171
Q

a relatively common result of pulmonary drug toxicity and usually responds well to cessation of therapy and steroid

A

OP

172
Q

pulmonary hemorrhage in drug-induced pulmonary vasculitis is due to

A

complicate anticoagulation therapy or result from drug-induced thrombocytopenia

173
Q

small airways inflammatory process that results in granulation tissue within bronchioles causing air trapping which can be severe enough to result in respiratory insufficiency

A

obliterative bronchiolitis

174
Q

pulmonary toxicity in this drug that is used to treat acute leukemia develops in 15-30% of treated patients within 30 days of administration and is manifested as pulmonary edema resulting from increased capillary permeability

A

cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)

175
Q

rare disease in which lipoproteinaceous material surfactant deposits in abnormal amounts within the airspaces of the lungs. it has predilection for males in their 20s or 40s

A

pulmonary alveolar proteninosis

176
Q

important clinical feature distinguishing PAP from pulmonary edema secondary to congestive heart failure

A

absence of orthopnea

177
Q

patients with PAP are particularly prone to superinfection of the lung with

A

nocardia, aspergillus, cryptococcus and atypical mycobacteria

178
Q

rare disorder characterized by the deposition of minute calculi within the alveolar spaces

A

alveolar microlithiases

179
Q

true or false: there is very high incidence of alveolar microlithiasis in siblings

A

true

180
Q

the radiographic findings in this rare entity include confluent bilateral dense micronodular opacities that, because of their high intrinsic density, produce the so-called “black pleural sign” at their interface with the chest wall. apical bullous disease is also common and may lead to spontaneous pneumothorax

A

alveolar microlithiasis

181
Q

uncommon condition characterized by the formation of bone within the lung parenchyma

A

diffuse pulmonary ossification

182
Q

nodular form of diffuse pulmonary ossification is seen in

A

severe, chronic untreated mitral stenosis

183
Q

more irregular ossification in diffuse pulmonary ossification is seen in

A

chronic inflammatory conditions such amyloidosis and UIP

184
Q

refers to a pattern of lung injury characterized by organizing pneumonia and fibrin within the alveolar space that does not meet strict histopatholohic criteria for DAD or organizing pneumonia

A

acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia

185
Q

clinical syndrome resulting from the coexistence of emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, whether both secondary to smoking or of different etilogies

A

combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome

Chest Imaging (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions