Difficult Subjects - Exam 2

Question 1

A measurement of a fluid’s internal resistance.

A. Hematocrit
B. Viscosity
C. Reynold’s number
D. Resistance

Answer 1

B. Viscosity

Question 2

Reynold’s number (Re) tells of the tendency for turbulence in blood flow. What is it proportional to?

Answer 2

Velocity, density, and vessel diameter. As these increase, so does Reynold’s number.

Question 3

For blood vessels in parallel, what is the resistance?

A. R=R1+R2+R3…
B. 1/R=(1/R1)+(1/R2)…

Answer 3

B. 1/R

Question 4

Compliance and capacitance are used in describing the ______ of vessels.

A. Elastance
B. Resistance
C. Distensibility
D. Volume

Answer 4

C. Distensibility (P/V)

Question 5

Calu,ate the compliance of a vessel that is 8x more destinsible than another, and has an original volume of 6 mL. What type of vessel does this describe?

Answer 5

48x more compliant. A vein, as they lack the muscle of arteries to resist compliance.

Question 6

Increased elastic tissue n a vessel will result in ______ elastance and ________ compliance.

A. Increased, decreased
B. Decreased, decreased
C. No change
D. Increased, decreased

Answer 6

D. Increased, decreased

Question 7

Pulse pressure is determined by:

A. Arterial compliance - stroke volume
B. Stroke volume X arterial compliance
C. Stroke volume/arterial compliance

Answer 7

C. Stroke volume/arterial compliance

Question 8

Long term blood pressure control in the kidney is a result of:

A. the RAAS system
B. pressure natriuresis and diuresis
C. closure of the renal artery

Answer 8

A. The RAAS system

Question 9

NO is released by (healthy/damaged) blood vessels.

Answer 9

Healthy

Question 10

Bradykinin acts to cause vasodilation and \_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A. Increase TPR
B. Increase cardiac output
C. Stimulate NO release
D. Increase capillary permeability

Answer 10

D. Increase capillary permeability

Question 11

Endothelin is released from (healthy/damaged) blood vessels.

Answer 11

Damaged

Question 12

Describe the flow of information in the vasomotor center of the brain

Answer 12

A signal is received from chemo/baroreceptors via either CN IX or CN X. If pressure needs to be increased, the vasoconstrictor center is activated, causing SNS stimulation. If the pressure needs to be lowered, the vasodilator center acts to inhibit the vasoconstrictor center.

Question 13

Baro-R in the carotid sinuses are stimulated by pressures

Answer 13

60 mmHg

Question 14

A MAP greater than the upper range of accepted normal.

Answer 14

Chronic hypertension

Question 15

The aortic baroreceptors are stimulated by pressures

Answer 15

30 mmHg

Question 16

The amount of formed units in blood, is a measurement of density.

A. Viscosity
B. Resistance
C. Hematocrit
D. Reynold’s number

Answer 16

C. Hematocrit

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of primary hypertension?

A. Increased cardiac output
B. Increased SNS activity
C. Decreased ANG II/aldosterone levels
D. Inadequate secretion of salt/water

Answer 17

C. Decreased ANG II/aldosterone levels

Question 18

Primary hypertension is HTN of ____.
A. an unknown origin
B. due to another cause

Answer 18

A. an unknown origin