Differentials Flashcards
Ischemic necrosis of bone – specific syndromes in epiphyseal and diaphysel locations + cuboid bones
- Epiphyseal = avascular necrosis of the femoral head 2. Diaphyseal = RUIN 3. Idiopathic ischemic necrosis of the carpal bone (doi 10.2460/javma.243.12.1746)
Abnormal, fluid-filled structures associated with the urogenital tract
- Ureterocele - Vaginal dilation secondary to urethrovaginal or bladder-vaginal fistula - Vesicourachal diverticulum - Duplicated ureter - Paraprostatic cysts - Ectopic ureters
Portal venous gas
- Mesenteric ischemia - GI tract necrosis / necrotizing ileocolitis - Iatrogenic (GI surgery, endoscopic or transcutaneous biopsy, abscess drainage) - Anaerobic infection - GI ulceration - Pancreatitis
Pleural thickening
- neoplastic infiltration
- inflammatory pleuritis
- mesothelial hyperplasia or fibrosis
- infectious pleuritis
Tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy
- neoplasia
- fungal disease
- pythiosis (not a fungus)
- eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy
- eosinophilic pulmonary granulomatosis
Intraosseous lysis or cysts
- intraosseous ganglion cyst of the carpus (non-articular OCLL of the interomedioradial carpal bone)
- unicameral bone cyst
- aneurysmal bone cyst
- telangiectatic osteosarcoma
- giant cell reparative granuloma
- fibrous dysplasia
- non-ossifying fibroma
Polyostotic increased mineral opacity/foci of the medullary cavity
- Multiple osseous infarcts
- Metastatic disease
- Myeloproliferative disease
- Osteomyelitis
- Osteosclerosis/osteopetrosis
- Enchondromatosis
Extradural lipomatous mass in the spinal canal
Lipoma Periradicular lipoma Myelolipoma Epidural angiolipoma
T1w hyperintensity
- Fat
- Flow-related changes (slow flow)
- Cholesterol
- Calcification (manganese, iron, copper)
- Methemoglobin
- Melanin
- Necrosis
- Proteinaceous fluid
- Posterior pituitary (vasopressin)
FFCCMMPP + N
Caudal thoracic, midline soft tissue mass
- Caudal mediastinal or accessory lung lobe mass
- Granuloma, neoplasia, abscess, cyst, hematoma
- Diaphragmatic hernia
- Pleuroperitoneal hernia
- Chronic diaphragmatic rupture with cranial displacement of abdominal contents
- Diaphragmatic eventration
Intra-ventricular masses
- Ependymoma
- Choroid plexus tumor (papilloma vs. carcinomas
- Meningioma
- Lymphoma
- Astrocytoma.
- Histiocytic sarcoma within the subependymal region of the lateral ventricle has also been reported in a single cat.
- Congenital malformation
- Granulomas
- Hemorrhage/hematoma
- Abscess
Tumors of the pulmonary artery
- Hemangiosarcoma
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Hamartoma
Primary ureteral neoplasia (benign and malignant)
- Leiomyoma/sarcoma
- Transitional cell papilloma
- Fibropapilloma
- Fibroepithelial polyp
- Sarcoma
- TCC
- MCT
- Spindle cell sarcoma
- Hemangiosarcoma
Troiano, D. & Zarelli, M. (2019) Multimodality imaging of primary ureteral hemangiosarcoma with thoracic metastasis in an adult dog. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 60, E38–E41
Polioencephalomyelopathy in dogs and cats
- Lead and cyanide toxicosis
- Thiamine deficiency
- Hypoglycemia
- Distemper
- Trauma
- Cardiac arrest
- PSS ligation
- Alaskan Husky Encephalopathy
- L2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria
Totally LeTHAL Polioencephalomyelopathy in Dogs and Cats
Cat with acute onset generalized seizures, interictal behavior changes (ptyalism, aggressive behavior, dysphagia).
Feline hippocampal necrosis. Sometimes will also involve the piriform lobe. Unknown etiology. Contrast enhancement helps distinguish this from post-ictal changes.
DDX: metabolic, toxic, infectious encephalitis, vasogenic edema, neoplasia
Schmied, O., Scharf, G., Hilbe, M., et al. (2008) Magnetic resonance imaging of feline hippocampal necrosis. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 49, 343–349
