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step 2 CS > Differentials > Flashcards

Differentials Flashcards

1
Q

What is the differential for headache? (11)

A

Migraine
Tension headache
Cluster headache
Pseudomotor cerebri
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Meningitis
Sinusitis
Intracranial Neoplasm
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Temporal arteritis
Caffeine or analgesic withdrawal

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2
Q

What is the differential for confusion/memory loss? (10)

A

Alzheimer’s
Vascular dementia
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Subdural hematoma
Depression
Delirium
Hypothyroidism
B12 deficiency
Hypoglycemia

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3
Q

What is the differential for sore throat? (5)

A

Viral pharyngitis
Bacterial pharyngitis
URI
HIV retroviral syndrome
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Peritonsillar abscess
Epiglottitis
GERD

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4
Q

What is the differential for acute(2)/subacute(3)/chronic cough(11)?

A

Acute:
Viral URI (viral, influenza)
CAP

Subacute:
atypical pneumonia
Whooping cough
Post-infection cough

Chronic:
UACS
Sinusitis
GERD
ACEI
Asthma
Non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis
HF
COPD
Cancer
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
Bronchiectasis

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5
Q

What is the differential for amenorrhea? (10)

A

Primary:
Kallman syndrome
Turner syndrome
Mullerian agenesis

Secondary:
Pregnancy
Sheehan’s syndrome
Hyperprolactinemia
Hypothyroid
Menopause
Asherman
Premature ovarian failure

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6
Q

What is the differential for vaginal bleeding?

A

PALM COEIN

ENDOCRINE:
Hyper/hypothyroidism, PCOS,

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
ectopic pregnancy
spontaneous abortion
Atrophic vaginitis

(Polyps, Adenomyosis, Lieomayoma, malignancy/hyperplasia, Coagulopathy, Ovulatory, Endometrial, Iatrogenic, Not otherwise mentioned)

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7
Q

Differential for acute dyspnea (SOB) 13

A

Foreign body
Anaphylaxis
ACEI
COPD
Asthma
Pneumonia
Malignancy
PTX
PE
ARDS
CHF (arrhythmia, ACS, valvular)
Tamponade
Toxin exposure

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8
Q

Differential for chronic dyspnea (SOB) 13

A

Obstructive:
COPD
Asthma
Bronchiectasis

Restrictive:
IPF
Scoliosis
Akylosing spondylitis
neuromuscular (MG, LES, GB, ALS, etc)
Obesity

Other:
CHF
Anemia
Pulm HTN
Malignancy
Infectious (TB, Norcardia, etc)

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9
Q

What is the differential for hematuria? (8)

A

Bladder cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
​Prostate cancer
Nephrolithiasis
Pyelonephritis
UTI
Acute glomerulonephritis
Coagulation disorder

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10
Q

What is the differential for vaginal discharge? (4)

A

Bacterial vaginosis
Vaginitis - candidal
Vaginitis - trichomonal
Cervicitis (chlamydia and/or gonorrhea)

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11
Q

Differential for dyspareunia? (7)

A

Atrophic vaginitis
Endometriosis
Vaginismus
Cervicitis
PID
Depression
Domestic violence

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12
Q

Differential for low back pain? (7)

A

Disc herniation
Lumbar muscle strain
Lumbar spinal stenosis
Compression fracture
Tumor in the spinal canal
Ankylosing spondylitis
knee or leg fracture

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13
Q

Child with fever differential? (14)

A

neonatal sepsis
meningitis
pneumonia
pyelonephritis
otitis media
URI
Measles
Rubella
Roseola
Varicella
Scarlet fever
Gastroenteritis
Volvulus
Intussusception

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14
Q

Differential for ankle pain?

A

Fracture
Ligament injury
Gout
Septic arthritis
Cellulitis
Osteomyelitis

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15
Q

What is the mnemonic for red flag back pain symptoms?

A

TUNA FISH

Trauma
Unexplained weight loss
Neurological symptoms
Age >50
Fever
IVDU
Steroids/immunosuppressed
History of cancer

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16
Q

Differential for lower back pain?

A

muscle strain
herniated disc
fracture
osteomyelitis
cancer
kidney stone
Pyelonephritis
AAA

17
Q

In someone with neck/back tauma, should you check ROM before imaging?

A

NO! get imaging before assessing ROM and you could further damage neurological function

18
Q

What questions should you ask someone after trauma/MVA? What physical exam maneuvers?

A

LOC, seatbelt, neurological symptoms

HEENT (everything, look to see if neck is midline), chest, heart, abdomen, extremities, NEURO

19
Q

What is the differential for limb weakness?

A

Stroke
TIA
Nerve damage
Vascular compromise

20
Q

If someone presents with possible stroke/TIA, what should you order that may help elucidate the cause?

A

Head CT without contrast (ischemic or hemorrhagic)
CBC and CMP
EKG (arrhythmia may cause stroke)
carotid ultrasound (possible stenosis/thrombosis)
​

21
Q

What is the differential for fever with cough?

A

Something to consider:

Malignancy
HIV/AIDS
TB
Pneumonia

22
Q

what information should you gather in a OBGYN case?

A

Period start age
period duration
Heavy/medium/light
LMP
GP
Sexual history
Contraception use

23
Q

What is the differential for weight loss in an adolescent? (6)

A

Depression
Anorexia
Hyperthyroidism
Drug use
Malignancy
Diabetes

24
Q

What is the differential for enuresis?

A 
Primary enuresis (always has wet the bed)
Secondary enuresis (previously potty trained, something is causing it lie trauma, constipation, UTI, diabetes, etc)
25
Q

What should you ask in the setting of enuresis?

A

primary vs secondary
frequency
what makes it worse
what makes it better
Family history of bed wetting?
What have you tried to stop the problem
Any changes in the house? school?
ROS!!! (secondary causes such as constipation, DM, UTI)

26
Q

How do you assess a baby’s fluid status?

A

Wet diapers
Tears present or absent when crying
food and fluid intake
Membrane status

27
Q

What are the 6 components of a pediatric history?

A
  • *Prenatal** - mother’s health, prenatal care
  • *Birth** - term, vaginal/c-section, complications, weight
  • *Neonatal** - length of hospital stay, medical problems
  • *Feeding** - breast/bottle, types of food
  • *Development** - weight, milestones
  • *Routine care** - immunizations, regular checkups
28
Q

What is the differential for weight gain/obesity?

A

Pregnancy
Binge eating disorder
Depression
Hypothyroidism
PCOS
Cushing syndrome

29
Q

What information should be gathered when discussing smoking cessation?

A

what made you want to quit
age of start
how many packs per day
quit attempts and how
What triggers cravings
How has smoking affected life
symptoms of smoking (cough, hemoptysis, SOB, CP, weight loss)

30
Q

Name the parts of the psychiatric exam (8)

A

General appearance
Speech
Mood
Affect (observed emotional state)
Thought process (organized/disorganized)
Hallucinations/delusions/paranoia
Suicidal/homicidal ideation
Insight

31
Q

Differential for heel pain

A

Plantar fasciitis
Calcalneal fracture
Achilles tendonitis

32
Q

Differential for fatigue

A

Depression
Hypothyroid
Anemia
OSA
DM

step 2 CS (1 decks)

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