Differentials Flashcards
Name 5 differentials for epigastric pain?
GORD PUD Pancreatitis Gastritis MI
Name 7 differentials for RUQ pain?
Biliary colic Cholecystitis Ascending cholangitis Hepatitis Pancreatic cyst Pancreatitis Liver mets Pneumonia
Name 3 differentials for LUQ pain?
Pneumonia
Splenic rupture
Splenic infarct
Pancreatitis
Name 4 differentials for flank pain?
Renal colic
Renal carinoma (Triad haematuria, flank pain, abdo mass)
MSK
Pyelonephritis
Name 7 differentials for central or generalised abdo pain?
Gastroenteritis Crohns UC IBS LB obstruction SB obstruction AAA Menstrual cramps Intussuception
Name 4 differentials for suprapubic pain?
UTI
Retension
PID
Fibroids
Name 4 differentials for RLQ pain?
Appendicitis Ovarian torsion Ovarian cyst Ectopic pregnancy Crohns
Name 5 differentials for LLQ pain?
Diverticulitis Ovarian torsion Ovarian cyst UC Ectopic
Name 5 differentials for menorrhagia?
Dysfunctional uterine bleed Fibroids Polyps Endometriosis Endometrial cancer Adenomyosis (significant pain and bulky, tender uterus)
Name 3 differentials for primary amenorrhoea?
- Constitutional delay
- Malformations (imperforate hymen?)
- Hyperprolactinaemia
If no 2ndy characteristics: - Ovarian failure
- Hypothalamic failure
- Other HPA failure (pituitary tumour etc)
+ ALL CAUSES OF SECONDARY AMMENORRHOEA
Name 5 differentials for secondary amenorrhoea?
- Pregnancy
- Menopause/ premature ovarian failure
- Contraception (depot, implant, POP and mirena)
PCOS - Rapid weight loss
- Hyperprolactinaemia
- Thyroid disease
- Intrauterine adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome)
Name 5 differentials for lower back pain?
MSK Disc prolapse Sciatica Cancers (myeloma or metastasis) Fracture or vertebral collapse Inflammatory (Ank spond, PsA, reactive arthritis) Infection (Osteomyelitis) Non-spinal column (AAA, dissection, pancreatitis, DU, kidneys)
Name 10 differentials for chest pain?
ACS / angina Pericarditis/ tamponade Valve disease (aortic stenosis) GORD/ PUD Aortic dissection PE Pneumonia Pneumothorax Costocondritis Anxiety
Name 7 differentials for TATT?
Sleep disorders/ insomina Depression Anaemia (IDA most common) Diabetes Hypothyroidism Malignancy Infective causes (EBV, influenza etc) Chronic disease
Name 5 differentials for haemoptysis?
Pneumonia Pulmonary embolus Malignancy (primary or mets) Lung abscess Tuberculosis (Heart failure - pink frothy)
Name 3 differentials for a non-painful red eye?
- Conjunctivitis (Allergic, viral, bacterial)
- Episcleritis - mild discomfort, no symptoms
- Subconjunctival haemorrhage (possibly from trauma, asymptomatic)
Name 5 differentials of a painful red eye?
- Acute angle closure glaucoma (halo’s, photophobia, N+V
- Acute anterior uveitis (photophobia + blurred vision)
- Scleritis (boring eye pain, gradual onset + progressive)
- Keratitis (photophobia and foreign body sensation)
- Trauma (i.e. corneal abrasion)
Name 4 differentials for a sudden painless loss of vision?
- Central retinal artery occlusion
- Central retinal vein occlusion
- Retinal detachment (curtain or veil coming down)
- Vitreous haemorrhage (sudden floaters then loss)
Name 2 differentials for sudden painful visual loss?
- Acute angle closure glaucoma (painful, red eye, halo’s, photophobia, headache, N+V)
- Ischemic optic neuropathy (sub-acute symptoms for days prior)
Name 5 differentials for slow onset visual loss?
- AMD (Worse central vision, straight lines become curvy)
- Cataracts (blurred vision, glare at night, decreased colours)
- Glaucoma (peripheral visual loss)
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Retinitis pigmentosa (night blindness + tunnel vision)
Name 5 possible causes of infertility?
Unexplained (20%) Ovulatory disorders (25% - PCOS, POF) Tubal damage (20% - i.e. adhesions) Male factory (25%) Endometriosis (5%) Uterine disorders (5%)
Name 4 differentials for a post-coital bleed?
Infection Cervical ectropion Cervical/ endometrial polyp Cervical cancer Vaginal cancer Trauma
Name 4 differentials for an intermenstrual bleed?
Hormonal (i.e. younger woman on pill)
Polyp
PID
Fibroids
Name 3 differentials for a post-menopausal bleed?
Endometrial cancer
Atrophic vaginitis
Vaginal cancer
Cervical cancer
Polyps
Endometrial hyperplasia
4 differentials for a bilateral hearing loss?
Wax
Noise induced
Presbycusis
Chemo/ vascular/ infective (syphillis)
Give 7 differentials for a conductive hearing loss?
Wax Foreign body Otitis media Otitis externa Otosclerosis Tympanic membrance perf Cholesteatoma
Name 4 differentials for sensorineural hearing loss?
- Noise induced
- Presbycusis (higher frequencies)
- Meniere’s (recurrent episodes)
- Labyrinthitis (acute onset vertigo with N+V)
Name 5 differentials for vaginal discharge?
- Candida
- Bacterial vaginosis (fishy, thin, white/grey)
STI’s - Chlamydia
- Gonorrhoea
- Trichomonas (yellow/ green and frothy, strawberry cervix)
- Cervical cancer/ ectropion
Name 5 differentials for unintended weight loss?
Malignancy Hyperthyroid Pancreatic insufficiency Coeliac IBD Depression/ anxiety Anorexia Dementia Infective
Name 7 differentials for an acute onset SOB?
Asthma exacerbation COPD exacerbation Pneumonia Pnuemothorax PE ACS/ angina Panic attack Dissection/ ruptured AAA
Name 5 differentials for gradual onset SOB?
COPD Heart failure Pulmonary fibrosis Pleural effusion (possibly due to tumour) Anaemia
Name 7 differentials of a child presenting SOB?
Asthma/ viral induced wheeze Bronchiolitis Croup Whooping Cough Sepsis Foreign body Allergic reaction DKA Cardiac failure
Name 5 differentials for a bruised child?
- NAI
- Haemalogical malignancy (ALL)
- Vasculitis (kawasaki)
- Clotting (haemophillia, VWD)
- ITP/ drug induced thrombocytopenia
- Vit C/ vit K deficiency
Name 7 differentials for an adult with a headache?
- Tension headache
- Migraine
- Sinusitis
- Medication overuse/ withdrawal
- Cluster headache
- Raised ICP (incl tumour)
- SAH
- Meningitis
- GCA/ TN/ AACG
Name 5 differentials of dizziness?
- BPPV (seconds, posture big trigger)
- Meniere’s (min to hours, some hearing loss, tinnitus etc)
- Labrinthitis (days, hearing loss, N+V)
- Vestibular neuritis (as labrinthitis but w/o hearing loss)
- Syncope/ orthostatic hypotension
- Alcohol/ drugs
- Cerebellar pathology
Name 5 differentials of a chronic cough?
Smokers cough Asthma GORD Chronic bronchitis/ COPD Lung Ca Interstitial lung disease Upper airway cough syndrome
Name 5 differentials of leg pain in a 60year old male?
Intermittent claudication (PAD) Soft tissue injury DVT Varicose veins Sciatica MSK (fracture/ arthritis)
A child presents with a rash on the back of the legs, name 4 differentials?
HSP
Meningococcal septicaemia
ITP
Haemolytic uremic syndrome
Name 5 differentials for dyspepsia?
GORD Hiatus hernia DU (+/- h.pylori infection) GU (+/- h.pylori infection) Gastric/ duodenal malignancy Coronary artery disease
Name 7 differentials for dysphagia?
Pharyngitis/ tonsillitis < short course, associated syx GORD Stroke Oesophageal spasm < intermittent and non-progressive, indistinguishable from cardiac pain Oestophageal candiasis < look for RF's Malignancy Achalasia Pharyngeal pouch - Regurg, hallitosis
Name 5 differentials for joint pain?
Inflammatory arthritis (RA, PsA, reactive etc)
Osteoarthritis
Crystal (gout or pseudogout)
Septic arthritis
Soft tissue injury (Sprain (ligaments) or muscle injury)
Name 4 differentials for ear pain?
Otitis media
Otitis externa
Cholesteatoma (hearing loss, discharge refractory to AB’s)
Labrinthitis (vertigo, hearing loss, N+V)
Mastoiditis
TMJ dysfunction
Name 4 differentials for incontinence of urine?
Stress incontinence
Urge incontinence/ OAB
UTI
Urogential fistula
Name 4 differentials for incontinence of faeces?
Infective diarrhoea
IBD
Cauda equina syndrome
Colorectal cancer
Name 5 differentials of low mood?
Depression Bipolar or cyclothymic disorder Medical (hypothyroid, diabetes) Substance misuse Anxiety Pyschosis
Name 7 differentials for memory loss?
Alzeimers dementia Vascular dementia Lewy body dementia Traumatic brain injury Hypothyroid Stroke/ hypoxic injury B12 deficiency Encephalopathy
Name 5 differentials for a rectal bleed?
UC/ Crohns Diverticular disease Haemorrhoids Colorectal or anal cancer Anal fissue Colonic polyps
Name 5 differentials for pelvic pain?
Menstruation related Endometriosis Adenomyosis (typically after pregnancy) Adhesions (typically after surgery) Chronic PID IBS
Name 5 differentials of palpitations?
Cardiac: - AF/ atrial flutter - Other SVT (AVNRT, woolf parkinson white) - Ectopic beats None-cardiac: - Hyperthyroid - Alcohol/ caffeine - Anxiety