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Ultrasound > Differentials > Flashcards

Differentials Flashcards

1
Q

Hypoechoic Liver Masses

A

Lymphoma (#1), mets (melanoma, Pancreas Adeno, Cervical, Lung, ?melanoma, GI sometimes)

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2
Q

Echogenic Liver Masses

A

Hemangioma, Mets (esp mucinous, Colon #1, Ovary, Stomach, RCC, Islet Cell), Focal Fat Infiltration, HCC, adenoma

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3
Q

Shadowing Liver Foci

A

Ca+ (Mets), Air (PV Gas), Stones, Fat Containing Lesion

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4
Q

Target Lesion in Liver

A

Mets, HCC, Lymphoma, Abscess

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5
Q

Hypervascular Liver Masses

A

Renal, Islet Cell, Carcinoid, Melanoma, Breast, Thyroid, Sarcoma, Pheo, Choriocarcinoma, Colon

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6
Q

Calcified Liver Mass

A

Mets: Mucinous, Breast, RCC, Lung, NB, OSA

Echinococcus, TB/Histo, Old Abscess, Fibrolamellar HCC, Hepatoblastoma

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7
Q

Mucinous Tumors

A

COBS = Colon, Ovary, Breast, Stomach

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8
Q

GB Comet Tails (552D)

A

Adenomyomatosis, Cholesterolosis, Emphysematous Cholecystitis

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9
Q

GB Wall Thickening

A

Cirrhosis, CHF, Hypoproteinemia, GB Cancer, Adenomyomatosis, Hepatitis Cholecystitis, AIDS, ?hemorrhage

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10
Q

GB Sludge (576D)

A

Fasting, TPN, Hemolysis, Cystic Duct Obstruction, Acute & Chronic Chole

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11
Q

GB Hydrops (551D, 573D)

A

Obstructed: Stone, Tumor
Nonobstructed: Kawasaki’s, Diabetes, Hyperalimentation, EtOH, Acromegaly, Narcotics, AIDS, Anticholinergics

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12
Q

Echogenic GB (WES Sign)

A

Stones (Can’t See Back Wall), Emphysematous Cholecystitis (Dirty Shadows, Ring Down Comets), Porcelain GB (Sometimes see back wall)

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13
Q

GB Polypoid Lesion

A

Polyp (Cholesterol, Adenoma), Cancer, Tumefactive Sludge, Blood Clot, Adenomyomatosis (Adenomyoma)
+Doppler = Cancer, Adenomatous Polyp

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14
Q

Bile Duct Wall Thickening

A

AIDS, Cholangiocarcinoma, Bacterial & Oriental Cholangitis, PSC

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15
Q

Biliary Duct Filling Defect

A

Stone & Gas (Shadows), Blood Clot, Tumor, Infectious Debris

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16
Q

Intrahepatic Stones

A

Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis, Sclerosing Cholangitis, Caroli’s Dz

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17
Q

Intrapancreatic Biliary Obstruction

A

Stone (#1), Pancreatic Adeno, Stricture (Pancreatitis, AIDS)

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18
Q

Suprapancreatic Obstruction

A

Tumor (Cholangio, Portal LAD), Mirizzi

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19
Q

Hypoechoic Pancreatic Lesion

A

Adenocarcinoma, Islet Cell, Cystic Neoplasm, Mets, Lymphoma, Focal Pancreatitis, Pseudocyst/aneurysm

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20
Q

Hypoecohic Spleen Lesions

A

SNAIL = Sarcoid, Neoplasm (Mets), Abscess, Infarct, Lymphoma

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21
Q

Multiple Echogenic Splenic Foci

A

PCP, Candida (Treated?), TB

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22
Q

Echogenic Renal Cortex (727D)

A

Glomerulonephritis, Xplant Rejection, SLE, Cortical Necrosis, ATN, ESRD, Diabetes, AIDS

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23
Q

Medullary Nephrocalcinosis (736D)

A

FHAM HOP = Furosemide, HPT, Acidosis (RTA I distal), MSK, Hypercalcemia (Sarcoid, Milk Alkali, Hypervitaminosis D), Oxalosis, Papillary Necrosis

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24
Q

Cortical Nephrocalcinosis (737D)

A

COAG = Cortical Necrosis, Oxalosis, Alports, Glomerulonephritis (chronic)

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25
Q

Intratesticular Lesion

A

Tumor/Mets, Infarct, Abscess, Focal Orchitis, Hematoma, Sarcoid, Simple Cyst, Epidermoid Cyst

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26
Q

Prostate Cyst

A

Utricle (Midline), Mullerian (Larger), EJ Duct (Paramedian), Seminal Vesicle Cyst

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27
Q

Falsely High Carotid Velocity

A

HTN, Bradycardia, Obstructed Contralateral ICA

28
Q

False Low Carotid Velocity

A

Tandem Lesion, Proximal CCA Lesion, Low Cardiac Output

29
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

DRIPP C = Demise, Renal Anomaly (Usually bilateral), IUGR (80%), PROM, Post Dates, Chromosomal Anomaly

30
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

Idiopathic, Maternal (Diabetes, HTN, Rh, Chorioangioma)

Fetal (CHANT): NTD/CNS, Proximal GI obstruction, Chest Mass (CCAM, CDH), Hydrops, TTTS

31
Q

Non-Immune Hydrops

A

CHITOS = Chromosomal, CHD, Hygroma, Infection/TORCH, TTTS, Other (CDH, VOGA, Chorioangioma), Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

32
Q

Elevated AFP (824D)

A

GEM MINER CO = Gastroschisis, Esophageal Atresia, Multiple Gestation, Mole, Incorrect Dates, NTD, Error (lab), Renal Anomaly, Chorioangioma, Ompahlocele
Basically anything but closed NTD

33
Q

Low AFP

A

Trisomy 13/18/21, Fetal Death, Mole, Wrong Dates

34
Q

Fetal Hand Problems

A

Polydactyly = Meckel Gruber, Ellis Van Creveldt, Trisomy 13
Clinodactyly = Trisomy 21
Overlapping = Trisomy 18
Hitch Hiker Thumb = Diastrophic dysplasia

35
Q

Fetal Skull Problems

A

Lemon = Chiari II, Cephalocele, Normal
Strawberry = Trisomy 18
Cloverleaf = Thanatophoric
Spalding’s Sign = Demise

36
Q

Demineralized Fetal Skull

A

OI 2, Hypophosphatasia Congenita, Achondrogensis

37
Q

2 Vessel Cord (735P)

A

Trisomy 13/18, LBWC, Normal Variant

38
Q

Fluid in Fetal Chest

A

Effusion, Hydrops

39
Q

Fetal Chest Mass

A

CDH, CCAM, Seqestration, Broncho-genic Cyst, Bronchial Atresia
Cystic = CCAM 1&2, CDH, BC, CLE

40
Q

Pericardial Effusion

A

Viral (CMV, HIV), CHD/Arrhythmia, Hydrops

41
Q

Fetal Kidney Cysts / Cystic Mass

A

MCDK, Hydro/Obstruction, Meckel Gruber

42
Q

Fetal Abdominal Mass

A 
Cystic = Duplication Cyst, Ovarian Cyst, Meconium Pseudocyst, Teratoma, PUV & Bladder Obstruction, Mesenteric & Omental Cyst, Choledochal, Renal Cysts & Hydro, Dilated Bowel/SBO, Umbilical Vein Varix, Hydrometrocolpos, Mesoblastic Nephroma (MN)
Solid = Meconium Pseudocyst, Sacro-coccygeal Teratoma, NB, MN
43
Q

Peri-Ass Mass

A

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma, Myelo-meningoceal

44
Q

Double Bubble

A

Duodenal Atresia/Stenosis & Web, Preduodenal PV, Ladds Bands, Malrotation, Annular Pancreas

45
Q

No Stomach (Similar to Poly)

A

Oligo, EA, CDH & Chest Mass, CNS & Swallow Problem, Situs

46
Q

Fetal Liver Calcifications

A

Idiopathic, TORCH, Ischemia, Neoplasm (Hepatoblastoma, NB Mets, Hemangio-endothelioma?), Meconium Peritonitis (Perihepatic)

47
Q

Fetal Abdominal Calcifications

A

Meconium Peritonitis & Pseudocyst, Intraluminal Meconium (Anorectal Malformation & Meconium Ileus), CMV, Toxo, NB, Teratoma, Hepatoblastoma

48
Q

Echogenic Bowel

A

Normal Variant, Downs, CF

49
Q

Fetal Ascites

A

Pseudoascites (muscle), Urinary, Meconium Peritonitis, Ruptured Ovarian Cyst, Infection, Hydrops

50
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

UPJ/UVJ, Reflux, Prune Belly, PUVs, Megacystis, Compressing Pelvic Mass

51
Q

Nonvisualized Fetal Bladder

A

Bilateral Renal Agenesis, Bilateral UPJ, Bilateral MCDK, ARPKD, Exstrophy, Severe IUGR

52
Q

Absent Fetal Kidney

A

Shadowing from Spine, Pelvic Kidney, Crossed Ectopia, Unilateral Agenesis

53
Q

Choroid Plexus Cyst

A

Normal (2%), Trisomy 18/21

54
Q

Fetal Neck Mass

A 
Posterior = Hygroma ( Hydrops), Cephalocele, Cervical Myelomeningocele
Anterior = Teratoma, Fetal Goiter, Thyroglossal Cyst, Branchial Cleft (usually lateral)
55
Q

Fetal Intracranial Mass

A

Hemorrhage, Lipoma, Teratoma

56
Q

Ventriculomegaly

A

Hydrocephalus, Holoprosencephaly (NO cavum/falx), Hydranencephaly (+Falx)

57
Q

Hydrocephalus

A 
Aqueductal Stenosis (Normal 4 th), Chiari II (Lemon, Banana), DW, Communicating Hydro (TORCH, Downs)
Mild Ventriculomegaly (11-15mm) = CCA, Downs, TORCH, Normal Variant
58
Q

Brain Cyst (NOT Hydro)

A

Arachnoid Cyst, Porencephalic Cyst, Schizencephaly, Holoprosencephaly (Dorsal Cyst), CCA (IH Cyst), VOGA, Teratoma

59
Q

Enlarged Cisterna Magna

A

DW, Trisomy 13/18, Arachnoid Cyst, Normal Variant (Mega Cisterna Magna)

60
Q

Absent CSP

A

CCA, Holoprosencephaly

61
Q

Adnexal Mass in Pregnancy

A

Corpus Luteum, Hemorrhagic Cyst, Endometrioma, Teratoma, Neoplasm

62
Q

Tamoxifen Effects (313P)

A

Increased Endometrial Hyperplasia, Polyps & Cancer

Antiestrogen drug w/ weak estrogenic activity

63
Q

Cystic Changes in Uterus

A

Adenomyosis, Tamoxifen, EM Polyp or Hyperplasia, GTD (actually in placenta), Arcuate Veins

64
Q

Simple Adnexal Cyst

A

Functional Cyst, Paraovarian Cyst, Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst, Hydrosalpinx, Cystic Neoplasm (Cystadenoma)

65
Q

Complex Adnexal Mass

A

Ecoptic Pregnancy, TOA, Hemorrhagic Cyst, Endometrioma, Dermoid, Ovarian Neoplasm or Mets

66
Q

Thick EMS

A

Hyperplasia, EM Cancer, Polyps

If Pregnant = EP, RPOCs, GTD

Ultrasound (1 decks)

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