Differentials Flashcards
Shortness of breath
- PE
- MI
- Asthma
- Pneumonia
- Bronchitis
- Emphysema
- Pleural effusion
- Pneumothorax
- Anaphylaxis
- infection
- Pulmonary oedema
- Arrhythmia
Neurological
- meningitis
- Stoke
- TIA
- encephalitis
- Bell’s palsy
- Inter cranial haemorrhage
- Subdural haemotoma
- Parkinson’s
- Dementia
- MS
- Space occupying lesion
- Dizziness
- Seizure
Gastroenteritis
- bacterial gastroenteritis - high fever, bloody diarrhoea, prolonged diarrhoea
- Cdiff - antibiotics or hospital recently
- Diverticulitis - bloody diarrhoea
- Allergy
- Pregnancy
UTI
- upper UTI - flank pain, higher NEWS
- urological sepsis - unwell, NEWS high, confusion, reduced output
- Renal colic - haematuria, abdominal pain radiating to groin, nausea vomiting, pain
- Urological cancer - weight loss, appetite changes
- STI - dysuria, discharge, sexual history
- Pregnancy - frequency, nocturia
- Urethritis - haematuria, urgency, frequency, painful intercourse, vaginal discharge,
- Overactive bladder
- Syndrome of menopause
Gastrointestinal
Pancreatitis
o Cholecystitis
o Appendicitis
o Gastroenteritis
o Peptic ulcer
o Hernia
o Diverticulitis
o Intestinal obstruction
o Constipation
o Coeliac disease
o Crohn’s disease
o Ulcerative colitis (Inflammatory bowel disease)
o IBS (Irritable bowel syndrome)
o Abdominal Cancers
Genitourinary
Urinary tract infection
o Urine Retention
o Pyelonephritis
o Kidney stones
o Acute kidney injury
o Testicular Torsion
o Epididymitis (orchitis)
o Pelvic inflammatory disease
o Ectopic pregnancy
o Miscarriage
o Ovarian cyst
o Cancer- bladder, ovarian/cervical
o Prostate enlargement
o Prostatitis
o urosepsis
o STI
o Ovarian torsion
Abdominal causes of vomiting
Abdominal
- Gastroenteritis
- Pregnancy
- Appendicitis
- Bowel obstruction
- Gallstones
- Gastroduodenal disease
- Severe constipation
- Pyelonephritis
- Kidney stones
- Renal failure
Causes of vomiting except GI
ENT
- Acute viral labyrinthitis
Mental health
- Bulimia
- Stress
Endocrine
- Hyper or hypo glycemia
- Addisons crisis
Respiratory
- URTI (children)
Cardiovascular
- ACS
- MI
Neurological
- Meningitis
- Raised ICP / tumour
- Migraine
- Cerebral haemorrhage
Other
- Ingestion of toxins / alcohol
- Intense pain
- Medications – side effects
Cardiac causes of cardiac
Cardiovascular
- STEMI
NSTEMI
PE
Cardiac Tamponade
Angina (stable / unstable)
Pericardititis
Endocarditis
Arrhythmia (AF / SVT)
Thoracic aortic dissection
Respiratory symptoms of cardiac
Respiratory
Chest infection
Pneumonia
Pleurisy
Pneumothorax
Haemothorax
MSK causes of cardiac
Musculoskeletal
Costochondritis
Tietze syndrome
Rib fractures
Cancer (lung / abdomen / bony)
Abdominal and neurological causes of cardiac symptoms
Abdominal
Acute cholecysistis
Pancreatitis
GORD
Peptic ulcer disease
Hiatus hernia
Gastritis
Aortic dissection
Neurological
Shingles
Red leg differentials
DVT
- Cellulitis
- Varicose eczema
- Vasculitis – causes swelling
- Superficial thrombophlebitis – inflammation of one single vessel, can cause deep pain
Headache Neuro
Neurological
- Stroke
- Migraine
- Giant cell arteritis
- Tension headache
- Sub-arachnoid haemorrhage
- Meningitis
- Cerebral aneurysm
- Trigeminal neuralgia
- Brain tumour
- Deteriorating eyesight
Cough respiratory
Respiratory:
- URTI
- Acute asthma attack
- Bronchitis
- Pneumonia
- Exacerbation of COPD
- LRTI
- Lung cancer
- Foreign body
- Pertussis – whooping cough
- Croup
- COVID / influenza
- TB
- Interstitial lung disease – restricted compared to
obstructive e.g idiopathic CF
- Pleural effusion
- Asbestosis
- Cystic fibrosis
Cardiac and Gastro causes of cough
Cardiovascular:
- PE
- HF
- Pericarditis
Gastrointestinal:
- GORD
- Oesophagitis
Ent causes of a cough
ENT:
- Post nasal drip
- Laryngitis
- Pharyngitis sinusitis
- Neck cancer
- Foreign body
- Tracheitis
- Vocal cord lesion – singers nodes
