Differentials Flashcards
1
Q
Headache (20)
A
Caffeine or analgesic withdrawal Carotid artery dissection Cluster headache CNS vasculitis Depression Hypertension Intracranial or epidural abscess Intracranial neoplasm Intracranial venous thrombosis Meningitis Migraine Partial seizure Pseudotumor cerebri Tension headache Temporal arteritis Temporomandibular joint disorder Trigeminal neuralgia Sinusitis Subarachnoid hemorrhage Vertebral artery dissection
2
Q
Confusion / Memory Loss (19)
A
Alzheimer disease Angina Arrhythmia B12 deficiency Chronic subdural hematoma Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Delirium Depression Hypoglycemia Hypothyroidism Intracranial tumor Lewy body dementia Neurosyphilis Normal pressure hydrocephalus SIADH (hyponatremia) Subdural hematoma Transient ischemic attack Vascular dementia (multi infarct) Wernicke encephalopathy
3
Q
Depressed Mood (11)
A
Adjustment disorder with depressed mood Bipolar I disorder Bipolar II disorder Cyclothymic disorder Depressive disorder not otherwise specified Dysthymic disorder Major depressive disorder Major depressive disorder with psychotic features Normal bereavement Schizoaffective disorder Substance-induced mood disorder
4
Q
Psychosis (8)
A
Brief psychotic disorder
Major depressive disorder with psychotic features
Mood disorder with psychotic features
Psychotic disorder due general medical condition
Schizoid or schizotypal personality disorder
Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform disorder
Substance-induced psychosis
5
Q
Dizziness (11)
A
Acoustic neuroma Acute renal failure Benign positional vertigo Brain stem or cerebellar tumor Drug-induced orthostatic hypotension Labyrinthitis Meniere disease Orthostatic hypotension due to dehydration Vertebrobasilar insufficiency Vertigo associated w/cervical spine disease/injury Vestibular neuronitis
6
Q
Loss of Consciousness (13)
A
Cardiac arrhythmia Complex tonic-clonic seizure Convulsive syncope Drug-induced orthostatic hypotension Hypoglycemia Malingering Myocardial infarction Pulmonary embolism Seizure Severe aortic stenosis Substance abuse/overdose Stroke Syncope (vasovagal, other causes)
7
Q
Numbness/Weakness (30)
A
Alcoholic peripheral neuropathy Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis B12 deficiency CNS tumor CNS vasculitis Complicated migraine Conversion disorder Diabetic periperal neuropathy Epidural hematoma Facial nerve palsy Guillain-Barre syndrome Horner syndrome Hyperventilation Hypoglycemia Hypocalcemia Intracranial neoplasm Malingering Multiple sclerosis Myasthenia gravis Neurosyphilis Paraproteinemia/myeloma Peripheral neuropathy Polymyositis Seizure Stroke Subdural hematoma Syringomyelia Todd paralysis Transient ischemic attack Tumor in the vertebral canal
8
Q
Fatigue and Sleepiness (19)
A
Adjustment disorder Anemia Atypical depression Chronic fatigue syndrome Colon cancer Depression Diabetes Diabetes insipidus Generalized anxiety disorder Hypercalcemia Hypothyroidism Narcolepsy Obstructive sleep apnea Post-traumatic stress disorder Primary polydipsia Psychotic or delusional disorder Renal failure Sleep apnea Sleep deprivation
9
Q
Night Sweats (5)
A
Acute HIV infection Hyperthyroidism Leukemia Lymphoma Tuberculosis
10
Q
Insomnia (7)
A
Caffeine-induced insomnia
Daytime fatigue in primary hypersomnia
Insomnia related to major depressive disorder
Insomnia with circadian rhythm sleep disorder
Obstructive sleep apnea
Primary hypersomnia
Stress-induced insomnia
11
Q
Sore Throat (10)
A
Acute HIV infection Bacterial pharyngitis Hepatitis HIV, acute retroviral syndrome Infectious mononucleosis Mycoplasma pneumonia Secondary syphilis Streptococcal tonsillitis/scarlet fever Viral pharyngitis
12
Q
Cough/Shortness of Breath (25)
A
Acute HIV infection Atypical pneumonia Asthma Bronchiectasis Bronchitis Cardiac valvular disease CHF COPD Foreign Body GERD HIV/AIDS Interstitial Lung disease Lung Abscess Lung Cancer Lymphoma Metastatic cancer Pericarditis Pneumonia Postnasal drip Pulmonary fibrosis Reactive airway disease Sarcoidosis Tuberculosis URI associated cough (post infectious) Vasculitis (Wegener)
13
Q
Chest Pain (17)
A
Angina Aortic dissection Costochondritis Congestive Heart Disease GERD Esophageal spasm Esophageal rupture Esophagitis Fat embolism Muscle sprain Myocardial Infarction Peptic ulcer disease Pericarditis Pneumonia Pneumothorax Pulmonary embolism Sickle cell disease - pulmonary infarction
14
Q
Palpitations (16)
A
Acute stress disorder Agoraphobia Angina Avoidant personality Carcinoid syndrome Cardiac arrhythmias Generalized anxiety disorder Hyperthyroidism Hyperventilation episodes Hypoglycemia Mitral valve prolapse Panic attacks Pheochromocytoma Social phobia Specific phobia Substance abuse / dependance
15
Q
Weight Loss (6)
A
Anorexia nervosa Cancer Dieting/diet drugs Hyperthyroidism HIV infection Malabsorption
16
Q
Weight Gain (7)
A
Atypical depression Cushing syndrome Diabetes mellitus Drug side effect Hypothyroidism Polycystic ovary syndrome Smoking cessation
17
Q
Dysphagia
A
Achalasia Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Esophagitis Esophageal cancer Esophageal stricture GERD Mitral valve stenosis Plummer-Vinson syndrome Systemic sclerosis Zenker diverticulum
18
Q
Nausea/Vomiting (6)
A
Depression Diabetes mellitus Gastritis Hypercalcemia UTI Pregnancy
19
Q
Abdominal Pain (35)
A
Abdominal aortic aneurysm Acute cholecystitis Acute glomerulonephritis Acute hepatitis Acute pancreatitis Acute viral hepatitis Ascending cholangitis Alcoholic hepatitis Chronic pancreatitis Cholecystitis/choledocholithiasis Colon cancer Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome Food poisoning Gastritis Gastroenteritis GERD Hepatitis Hernia Ileus Kidney strone Mallry-Weiss tear Mesenteric ischemia Nephrolithiasis Pancreatic cancer Pancreatitis Peptic ulcer disease Peptic ulcer perforation Pneumonia Renal cell carcinoma Rib fracture Small bowel cancer Splenic infart Pyelonephritis GI etiology (eg. appendicitis) Volvulus
20
Q
Constipation / Diarrhea
A
Angiodysplasia Carcinoid syndrome Celiac disease Chronic pancreatitis Crohn disease Colorectal cancer Cryptosporidiosis Depression Diverticulosis Gastroenteritis GI parasitic infection (giardiasis amebiasis) Hepatitis A Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Infecectious diarrhea Inflammatory bowel disease Irritable bowel syndrome Lactose intolerance Low-fiber diet Psudomembranous colitis Small bowel lymphoma Substance abuse (heroin) Traveler's diarrhea Ulcerative colitis
21
Q
Upper GI Bleeding (5)
A
Bleeding peptic ulcer Gastritis Gastric Cancer Esophageal varices Mallory-Weiss tear
22
Q
Blood in Stool (12)
A
Colorectal cancer anal fissure hemorrhoids diverticulosis Ischemic bowel disease angiodysplasia upper GI bleeding Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative Colitis Crohn disease Proctitis Dysentery
23
Q
Hematuria (9)
A
Bladder cancer Renal cell carcinoma Nephrolithiasis Acute glomerulonephritis Prostate cancer Coagulation disorder Polycystic kidney disease UTI Pyelonephritis
24
Q
Other urinary symptoms (17)
A
Benigh prostatic hyperplasia prostate caner UTI bladder stones Renal cell carcinoma Urethritis Cystitis Prostatitis Acute phyelonephritis Nephrolithiasis Stress Incontinenece mixed incontinence urge incontinence overflow incontinence functional incontinence UTI Diabetes mellitus
25
Q
Erectile dysfunction (5)
A
Drug-related ED hypertension diabetes mellitus psychogenic ED Peyronie disease
26
Q
Amenorrhea (14)
A
Pregnancy Anovulatory cycle Hyperprolactinemia UTI Thyroid disease Polycystic ovary syndrome Ovarian or adrenal malignancy Premature ovarian failure Pituitary tumor Menopause Sheehan syndrome Asherman syndrome Anorexia nervosa Anxiety-induced amenorrhea
27
Q
Vaginal Bleeding (19)
A
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Coagulation disorders Cervical cancer Molar pregnancy Hypothyroidism Diabetes mellitus Endometrial cancer Atrophic endometrium Endometrial hyperplasia Edometrial polyps Atrophic vaginitis Cervical polyp Cervicitis Trauma Spontaneous abortion Ectopic pregnancy Ruptured ovarian cyst Ovarian torsion Pelvic inflammatory disease
28
Q
Vaginal discharge (4)
A
Bacterial vaginosis
Vaginitis - candidal
Vaginitis - trichomonal
Cervicitis
29
Q
Dyspareunia (7)
A
Atrophic vaginitis Endometriosis Cervicitis Depression Domestic abuse Vaginismus Pelvic inflammatory disease
30
Q
Abuse
A
Domestic violence Osteogenesis imperfecta Substance abuse Consensual violent sexual behavior Rape
