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Nobita's Playground > Differential Diagnosis > Flashcards

Differential Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

Sore Throat

A

ID: Pharyngitis, Peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, infectious mononucleosis, epiglottitis, herpangina, COVID, HFMD, Diphtheria

Non ID: esophagitis (hot food/drinks), GERD

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2
Q

Acute cough, NOT in distress

A

ID: URTI, Pneumonia, COVID, Croup

Non-ID: Asthma

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3
Q

Acute cough, in distress

A

COVID
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Asthma
BAIAE
Foreign body
Laryngotracheitis
Epiglottitis
Tracheitis

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4
Q

Subacute cough

A

Bronchitis
TB
Chlamydia pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Rhinosinusitis

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5
Q

Colds

A

ID: URTI, Sinusitis

Allergy: Allergic rhinitis

Non-allergic: mechanical, structural, FB, deviated septum, adenoids, tumors, rhinitis medicamentosa, vasomotor rhinitis

Hormonal: pregnancy, hypothy neoplasms

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6
Q

Fever

A

COVID
URTI
Otitis media
Bacterial sinusitis
UTI
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Viral syndromes
Dengue
Typhoid fever
Leptospirosis
Occult bacteremia
CNS infections
PFAPA syndrome
FUO

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7
Q

Fever with rash

A

COVID
Viral exanthems (measles, rubella, roseola, chickenpox, erythema infectiosum, HFMD) Meningococcemia
Dengue
Kawasaki disease
Acute rheumatic fever
Toxic shock syndrome
Scarlet fever

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8
Q

Headache

A

migraine
tension headache
acute sinusitis
brain tumor
brain abscess
pseudotumor cerebri
trauma
substance abuse/withdrawal
infections
meningitis

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9
Q

Seizure

A

Febrile seizure (BFC/CFC)
CNS infection (meningitis, abscess)
Brain tumor
Metabolic and e’ disturbance (hypogly, hypoNA, hypoCa, hyperCa, hypoMg)
Traumatic brain injury
Child abuse
Toxic ingestion (iron, isoniazid, kerosene, organophosphate)
Epilepsy
Status epilepticus

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10
Q

Raised ICP

A

Hydrocephalus
Brain tumor
CNS infection
Intracranial hemorrhage
Trauma

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11
Q

Eye pain and discharge / swelling

A

Conjunctivitis (viral, bacterial, allergic)
Orbital cellulitis
Preseptal cellulitis
Dacryoystitis
Foreign body
Trauma
Insect bite
Allergic/ angioedema

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12
Q

Ear pain / discharge

A

Otitis media
Otitis externa
Foreign body/ trauma
Referred pain: sinus, teeth, pharynx, thyroid, parotid, neck

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13
Q

Diarrhea

A

AGE (viral, bacterial, protozoan, parasitic)
Malabsorption
Toddler’s diarrhea
Pseudomembranous colitis
Irritable bowel syndrome
Inflammatory bowel disease
COVID

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14
Q

Bloody stools

A

Infectious:
1. bacterial: Shigella, Salmonella, E.coli (EIEC, EHEC, EAEC), campylobacter, Yersinia
2. parasitic: amebiasis, Giardia, Cryptosporidium)
IBD

Non-infectious:
Anal fissure (from constipation)
Bleeding peptic ulcer
Intussusception
Malrotation
Meckel’s diverticulum

Hematologic: (plt dysfunction – ITP, vWD)

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15
Q

Constipation

A

Functional constipation
Hirschsprung disease
Hypothyroidism
Spinal cord abnormalities
Lead poisoning
Pseudoobstruction
Fecal impaction
Imperforate anus
Dehydration
Botulism

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16
Q

Abdominal pain

A

GI: Appendicitis, AGE, Constipation, Intestinal obstruction, Intussusception, Malrotation with midgut volvulus, Mesenteric adenitis, Incarcerated hernia, Cholecystitis/ cholelithiasis/ choledocholithiasis, Acute pancreatitis, Peptic ulcer Gastritis

Non-GI: UTI, renal colic, pneumonia, Pelvic inflammatory disease, sexual abuse, HSP, anaphylaxis Functional abdominal pain

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17
Q

Rash / Dermatitis

A

ID: Cellulitis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Erysipelas, Impetigo, SSSS, Abscess, Scrofula, Scabies, Pediculosis, Molluscum contagiosum, tinea faciei

Non Infectious: AD, dermatitis (contact, irritant, seb), Hemangioma, SJS, TEN

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18
Q

Allergy

A

Atopic dermatitis
Urticaria
Angioedema
Anaphylaxis
Dermatitis (seborrheic dermatitis, contact, irritant)

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19
Q

Newborn jaundice

A

Physiologic jaundice: Breastfeeding/ breastmilk jaundice

ID: Sepsis, TORCH, UTI

Hematologic: ABO incompatibility, RH incompatibility, G6PD deficiency, polycythemia, spherocytosis, elliptocytosis

Trauma: cephalhematoma, ecchymoses, caput

Maternal: GDM, SGA, twin to twin

GI: biliary atresia, choledochal cyst, hepatitis, pyloric stenosis

Metabolic: galactosemia, hypothyroidism

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20
Q

Newborn jaundice, prolonged

A

Choledochal cyst
Biliary atresia
TORCH
Hepatitis
IEM

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21
Q

Delayed meconium

A

Meconium ileus/ plug syndrome
Hirschsprung disease
Imperforate anus
Ileus
Preterm/ LBW
Electrolyte abnormalities (hypoK, hypoNa, hyperCa, hyperMg) Maternal drugs (MgSO4, opiates, antidepressants)
NB drugs (theophylline, opiates, narcotics) hypothyroidism

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22
Q

Newborn: abdominal distention

A

NEC
Intussusception
Sepsis
GI obstruction
Diastasis recti
Meconium ileus Hirschsprung disease Hypothyroidism
Small left bowel syndrome

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23
Q

Newborn: respiratory distress

A

Pulmo: RDS, TTN, MAS, air leak syndrome, PPHN, CCAM

CV: CHD

GI: congenital diaphragmatic hernia, TEF

ID: neonatal pneumonia, sepsis

Metabolic: IEM, hypoglycemia, hypoCa

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24
Q

Newborn: dysmorphology

A

TORCH
Trisomies (21, 13, 18)

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25
Q

Newborn: Apnea

A

CNS: asphyxia, CNS infection, inc ICP, seizure
Pulmo: airway obstruction, lung disease, RDS, pneumonia

CV: CHF, PDA, CHD, heart block

GI: NEC, GERD, feeding intolerance

Hema: anemia, polycythemia

Others: sepsis, metab e’ abn, drugs MgSO4

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26
Q

Newborn: Anuria / oliguria

A

Dehydration
Obstruction
Renal Failure
Maternal: ACEI, NSAIDs, GDM

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27
Q

Newborn: Cyanosis

A

Pulmo: pneumonia, RDS, MAS, CDH, CCAM, PPHN

CV: CCHD (TGA, tricuspid atresia, truncus arteriosus, TOF, TAPVR)

ID: sepsis

Metab: Hypoglycemia

Neuro: HIE

Others: Esophageal atresia, Choanal atresia, Methemoglobinemia

28
Q

Newborn: fever

A

Overswaddled
Inanition fever
ID: Sepsis, UTI, meningitis

29
Q

Weight gain

A

Obesity
Cushing disease
Prader-Willi syndrome
Hypothalamic obesity
Hypothyroidism

30
Q

Short stature

A

Constitutional short stature
Familial short stature
Growth hormone deficiency
Failure to thrive
Malnutrition
systemic chronic disease
Hypothyroidism
Turner syndrome

31
Q

Ambiguous genitalia

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Microphallus
True hermaphroditism
Virilization
Sepsis IEM

32
Q

Delayed puberty

A

Noonan syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome

33
Q

Weight loss

A

DM
Hyperthyroidism
PTB
Malnutrition
Fad diet

34
Q

Polyuria

A

DM
Central DI
Nephrogenic DI
Cerebral salt wasting
Increased oral intake/ iatrogenic E’ abn (hyperCa) Organophosphate poisoning

35
Q

Hypotonia, malformations

A

Trisomies (21, 13, 18)
Turner syndrome
Fragile X
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

36
Q

Anemia

A

Hema: IDA, Thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, blood loss, Physiologic anemia of infancy, Anemia of chronic disease

Others: Lead poisoning, growth spurt Nutri: vegan, milk protein allergy, inc cow’s milk intake, faddism, dieting

ID: parasitism

GI: celiac ds, IBD

37
Q

Bleeding

A

Hema/onco: ITP, Hemophilia, vWD disease, Vit. K deficiency, aplastic anemia, ALL

ID: DFS, sepsis, DIC

Others: abuse, liver disease, vascular abnormalities

38
Q

Abdominal mass

A

Lymphoma
Neuroblastoma
Wilm’s tumor
Hepatoblastoma
GCT’s/teratoma
rhabdomyosarcoma
Ascites
Pregnancy

39
Q

Limping child

A

Trauma: MVA, Abuse

ID: Osteomyelitis, Septic arthritis, Synovitis

MSK: DDH, LCP

Rheuma: JRA, HSP, RF

CA: leukemia, neuroblastoma, ewing sarcoma

40
Q

Musculoskeletal pain, gait disturbance

A

Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Skeletal dysplasia
Fractures
Torticollis
Legg-Calve Perthes disease
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Pott’s disease
Polio

41
Q

Edema

A

Renal: Nephritic, Nephrotic syndrome

Cardiac: CHF

Liver failure

GI: Nutritional (Kwashiorkor), protein losing enteropathy

Allergic: angioedema

Endo: myxedema (hypothy) Rheuma: SLE, HSP

42
Q

Dysuria

A

Urolithiasis
UTI
Sexual abuse
Foreign body
STD
vulvovaginitis
Trauma

43
Q

Hematuria

A

Renal: PSGN, IgA nephropathy, HUS, urolithiasis, UTI, TB

Trauma, abuse

Rheuma: SLE, HSP nephritis

Hema: G6PD, blood dyscrasia

Others: hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, drugs (ibu, iron, metronidazole, rifampicin), food (beets, blackberries, food color)

44
Q

Scrotal / Inguinal mass

A

Undescended testis/ retractile testis
Inguinal Hernia
Hydrocoele, varicocele
Hematoma/ tumor
HSP

45
Q

Scrotal pain

A

Testicular torsion Epididymitis
UTI
Trauma
Sexual abuse
Incarcerated hernia
Idiopathic scrotal edema (dermatitis, insect bite)
Mumps orchitis
Cellulitis
HPS vasculitis

46
Q

Vaginal discharge

A

Vulvovaginitis
Candida
Bacterial vaginosis
Trichomonas
Physiologic discharge

47
Q

Vaginal bleeding

A

Blood dyscrasias
Hemangioma
neoplasms
Precocious puberty
UTI
vulvovaginitis
Abuse
Trauma
FB

48
Q

Murmur

A

ACHD: ASD, VSD, PDA
CCHD: TOF, TGA
Acquired HD: RHD, infective endocarditis
Hema: anemia

49
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Sinus tachycardia, SVT, VT
Sinus bradycardia
Heart block

50
Q

Heart failure

A

CHF
CHD: VSD, PDA, OCD
Acquired heart disease: myocarditis, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, AR carditis/ RHD

Metabolic: hypoxia, acidosis, hypogly, hypoCa
Hyperthyroidism

Severe anemia

Acute HTN (PSGN)

51
Q

Chest pain

A

Msk: muscle strain, costochondritis, contusion

CV: pericarditis, arrhythmia, MVP, CAD, ischemia, aortic dissection

Pulmo: pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, BA, FB, tumor

GI: GERD, esophagitis, gastritis

Psych: Anxiety/ stress, hyperventilation, panic disorder

Others: HZV, drugs (cocaine), breast- related, idiopathic

52
Q

Hypertension

A

CV: essential hypertension, CoA, PDA

Renal: AGN, nephritic syndrome

Endo: pheochromocytoma, Cushing disease, hyperthyroidism

Neuro: inc ICP, dysautonomia, neuroblastoma

Drugs: CS, amphetamines, cocaine

Metabolic: hyperNa, obesity, metabolic syndrome

53
Q

Shock

A

Shock: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, septic, obstructive
Poisoning
Addison disease

54
Q

Joint pains / arthritis / arthralgia

A

ID: reactive arthritis, postinfectious, viral/ bacterial myositis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, synovitis

Rheuma: SLE, JRA, JDM, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis of IBD

Vasculitis: HSP, Takayasu arteritis, PAN

Onco: Leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, lymphoma

Cardio: ARF, KD, IE Growing pains

55
Q

Weakness

A

Neuro: MG, GBS, cerebral palsy
ID: polio, tetanus, botulism, Pott’s disease
Electrolyte abnormalities: hypo/hyperK, hyperCa
Organophosphate poisoning

56
Q

Developmental Delay

A

Autism
ADHD
Cerebral palsy
Intellectual disability
Learning disability

57
Q

Dysphagia

A

ID: acute viral stomatitis

Structural: oral trauma, nasal obstruction, vascular rings, mediastinal tumors

GI: achalasia, TEF, strictures, esophageal web, GERD

Neuro: vertebral anomalies

58
Q

Regurgitation

A

GERD
GER
Overfeeding

59
Q

Anorexia

A

CA
Inflammatory disease
ID (TB, infections)
Drugs
Unpalatable diets
Depression

60
Q

Vomiting

A

GI: AGE, GERD, overfeeding, GI obstruction, pyloric stenosis, PUD, esophagitis

Infections: UTI

Metabolic: IEM, DKA

Medications/ poisoning

Neuro: inc ICP (TBI, abuse), labyrinthitis, migraine

Endo: adrenal insufficiency, DKA

61
Q

GI Hemorrhage

A

Erosive damage
Bacterial enteritis
Milk protein allergy
Intussusception
Anal fissure
Peptic ulcer/ gastritis
Swallowed blood from epistaxis

62
Q

CXR: Pleural effusion

A

TB effusion
Consolidation
Atelectasis
Pulmonary mass/ abscess
Heart failure

63
Q

CXR: Bowel gas in hemithorax

A

CDH
CCAM
Eventration
Pulmonary Sequestration

64
Q

Vesiculobulbous rash

A

SSSS
TEN
SJS
Erythema multiforme
Varicella
Bullous impetigo
Dermatitis herpetiformes

65
Q

Growth Failure

A

ID: sepsis, TB, TORCH

IEM: congenital Hypothyroidism, CAH, galactosemia

GI: GERD, pyloric stenosis, atresia, Malnutrition

CV: CHD

Nephro: RTA

Endo: Prader-Willi, Cushing disease, GH deficiency

Genetic: Down, Noonan, Turner

66
Q

Respiratory distress

A

Neuro: Inc ICP

HEENT: URTI, sinusitis, FB

Respi: pneumonia, BA, FB aspiration, croup, epiglottitis, abscess, pleural eff, TB

CV: CHD, CHF, arrhythmia, pericardial eff GI: perforation, obstruction, AGE, hepatic encephalopathy

Renal: CKD, nephrotic syn

Metab: IEM, DKA

Trauma: pneumothorax

ID: sepsis, shock

67
Q

Fussy infant

A

GERD
Infant colic
Infant dyschezia

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