Differential Diagnoses Quiz #1 Flashcards
The comparison of symptoms of similar disease and medical diagnostics so a correct assessment of the patients actual problem can be made
Differential diagnoses
Process of screening for referral
Medical screening
3 different clinical diagnostic strategies
- Hypothetico-deductive
- Hypothesis oriented algorithm
- Pattern recognition
Most common strategy, start out with all diagnoses I know, and see what sticks
Hypothetico deductive
Pattern recognition
See symptoms such as sore throat, cough, runny nose, and associate it with illness
What four components make up the Goodman screening for referral model?
History, risk factor assessment, clinical presentation , review of systems
Admitting that one does not know and is willing to learn from patients about their experiences while being aware of ones own embeddeldness in culture
Cultural humility
Use the screening interview to listen for red flags and risk factors from the medical history.
Knowing risk factors
Associated with signs and symptoms of systemic disease
Clinical presentation
Warning - generally deal with systemic conditions
Red flags
Caution- generally deal with patients beliefs and emotions regarding condition (ex, patient is self employed and have 5 kids and can’t work and stressed they need to get back to work
Yellow flags
Examples of red flags
Tumor, fracture, cauda equina
Orange symptoms
Psychiatric symptoms
Yellow flags
Unhelpful beliefs about pain, expectation of poor treatment outcome, worries, fears, anxieties,
Pain is an
Experience
When pain is constant it is
Bad
When pain is variable it is
Good
A red flag is an insidious (no known reason)
Onset
Race is a _____ construct - not biological
Social
Vital signs
Heart rate , respiratory rate, temperature, and blood pressure
Normal heart rate
60-100 beats per minute
What medication can alter heart rate?
Beta blockers
Normal respiratory rate
12-18 rpm
Normal body temperature
98.6, temperature should be considered in patients with back pain of unknown cause
Normal range for blood pressure
120/80
Normal variations for blood pressure SYSTOLIC
Arms : 5-10 mmhg
Legs : 10-40 mmhg
There should be no variation in
Diastolic pressure
Less than 120 and less than 80
Normal blood pressure
120-129 and less than 80
Elevated
130-139 and 80-89
High blood pressure stage 1
140 or higher
High blood pressure stage 2
Higher than 180 and higher than 120 (diastolic)
Hypertensive crisis
Systolic blood pressure increases linearly with exercise , takes 10-20 min to return to normal, diastolic changes minimally
Exercise
4 sources of pain
Cutaneous, deep somatic, visceral, and referred
Skin=
Cutaneous
Well localized with one finger (patient points to pain)
Cutaneous pain
Deep somatic
(bone, nerve, muscle, tendon, ligament, arteries, joints, spongy or cancellous bone, periosteum)
Poorly localized
Dull aching gnawing
Deep somatic
Internal organs/heart
Visceral
Pain comes in waves (stomach ache )
Visceral or cyclic pain
Pain corresponds to dermatomes from which the organ receives its innervations
Visceral
