Differentation And STEM Cells

Question 1

What are somatic cells ?

Answer 1

Somatic cells are every cell in the body apart from the cells involved in reproduction. (Tissue)

Question 2

Name three examples of somatic cells

Answer 2

-Nerve cells
-smooth muscle
-Ciliated epithelial cell

Question 3

How do somatic cells divide?

Answer 3

Somatic cells divide by mitosis for more somatic cells-where the diploid chromosome compliment is maintained.

Question 4

What are germiline cells?

Answer 4

Germiline are all the cells included in reproduction-the sperm and the egg(ova)

Question 5

How do germiline cells divide ?

Answer 5

-Germiline cells can be divided by mitosis to produce more germiline diploid cells.

-Germiline cells can also be divided by meiosis to provide gametes (haploid)

Question 6

How do germiline cells divide ?

Answer 6

-Germiline cells can be divided by mitosis to produce more germiline diploid cells.

-Germiline cells can also be divided by meiosis to provide gametes (haploid)

Question 7

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 7

Cellular differentiation is the process by which a cell expresses certain genes
to produce proteins characteristic for that type of cell.
• This allows a cell to carry out
specialised functions.

Question 8

What does specialised mean ?

Answer 8

Multicellular organisms are made of many different types of cell
• Each cell is specialised to carry out a particular function

Question 9

Name 3 examples of specialised cells ?

Answer 9

-muscle cells
-blood cells
-nerve cells

Question 10

What are stem cells ?

Answer 10

Stem cells are unspecialised cells that can self renew and differentiate into any specialised cells in the body.

Question 11

What are stem cells ?

Answer 11

Stem cells are unspecialised cells that can self renew and differentiate into any specialised cells in the body.

Question 12

What are embryonic stem cells ?

Answer 12

Embryonic stem cells are derived from an early form of a zygote (Fetus)
These cells are unspecialised

Question 13

What does pluripotent mean ?

Answer 13

Pluripotent means that these cells can be switched on so they have the ability to divide into any cell in the human body.
For example-embryonic stem cells

Question 14

What are adult tissue stem cells ?

Answer 14

-specialised cells that can only differentiate into specialised cells in the human body.
-therefore they are multi potent

Question 15

What does multi potent mean ?

Answer 15

Multi potent means they can only differentiate into all
of the types of cell fo

Question 16

Why does the body need tissue stem cells ?

Answer 16

Growth,repair and renewal