Different Types of signaling Disorders

Question 1

Traumatic Brain injuries can lead to serious signaling disorders. What would be the most common one?

Answer 1

1. exocitotoxicity of glutamate from damaged neurons. Thought to lead to Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 2

TBI and glutamate exocitotoxicity are hypothesized to contribute to what neurodegenerative diseases?

Answer 2

1. huntington’s
2. parkinsons
3. alzheimer
4. epilepsy
5. glaucoma
6. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 3

A mutation to what chromosome, and formation of what protein is seen in chronic myeloid leukemia?

Answer 3

1. philadelphia chromosome mutaiton leads to Abl-Bcr protein fusion leading to overproduction of WBC

Question 4

What is a drug name used to counter the overactivation of the Bcr-Abl protein from chronic myeloid leukemia?

Answer 4

1. imantinib (gleevec)

Question 5

The sucrase isomaltase enzyme breaks down certain sugars. What mutation would occur in order to lead to aggregations of this protein in the ER?

Answer 5

mutation to the GPI anchor would prevent secretions of the enzyme.

Question 6

Describe a class 1 mutation.

Answer 6

promoter defect, nonsense mutation, mRNA splicing defect leads to inability to produce protein

Question 7

Describe a class 2 mutation.

Answer 7

the protein is misfolded or misprocessed leading to inhibited trafficking/maturation

Question 8

Describe a class 3 mutation.

Answer 8

protein is unable to function, and channels/portals will not open at all

Question 9

Describe a class 4 mutation.

Answer 9

protein is able to function at a reduced capacity. severely restricts the amount that could flow through

Question 10

Describe a class 5 mutation.

Answer 10

protein synthesis occurs at much slower rate.