Different theories of ideology, science and religion Flashcards
What is ‘monotheistic’?
Belief in single God
What is ‘polytheistic’?
Belief in several gods
What is the ‘substantive’ definition of religion?
These are concerned with the content of religion.
What is the ‘functional’ definition of religion?
These define religion in terms of the functions it performs for society and for individuals.
What is the definition of ‘objectivity’?
‘not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts’
What is the concept of ‘dual consciousness’? (Gramsci)
Members of society are partly influenced by ruling-class ideology because of the media, the education system and religion, which promote it.
What type of feminist is ‘Kate Millet’ (1970)?
Radical feminists - believes men are socialized into having a dominant temperament by society’s culture
What type of feminist is Germaine Greer (2000)?
Radical feminists - considers that patriarchal ideology is entrenched in society, reflected in the way women are expected to improve their physical appearance to attract men.
What type of feminist is Margaret Benston (1972)?
Socialist feminists - believes that the ideology, which sees women as secondary wage earners, benefits both male power and capitalism, as women have less economic power than men
Who theorised ‘orientalism’?
Edward Said (1995-97)
What is ‘Orientalism’?
Orientalism is a discourse involving Western descriptions of the East or Orient. Orientalism sees non-westerners as the other - a person who is alien to the West and very different.
What type of sociologist is Comte?
Positivists
Who theorised the ‘falsification principle’?
Karl Popper (1959)
What does Gomm argue about ‘Darwinism’?
He believes that Darwin’s theory of evolution was accepted because the social context of Victorian Britain, with its laissez-faire capitalism.
Who theorised about the ‘paradigms’ principle?
Thomas Kuhn
