differences in achievement - ethnicity

Question 1

which ethnic group has highest average attainment?

Answer 1

Chinese.

Question 2

which ethnic group has lowest average attainment?

Answer 2

White Gypsy Roma.

Question 3

name 5 outside of school factors that may cause underachievement.

Answer 3

material deprivation, family structure, attitudes/values, linguistic skill, institutional racism.

Question 4

unemployment is 3x more common for which 3 ethnic groups?

Answer 4

African-Caribbean, Bangladeshis, Pakistani.

Question 5

what % of Pakistani and Bangladeshi households live on or below the poverty line?

Answer 5

73%.

Question 6

what does Moynihan say about black families?

Answer 6

due to many being headed by lone mother, children deprived of adequate care and so underperform.

Question 7

what does Murray say about male African Caribbean underachievement?

Answer 7

caused by lack of male role models in community, mothers lose control of sons. its a cycle as they fail and then become ‘inadequate’ parents themselves.

Question 8

AO3 to Murray’s view on male African Caribbean underachievement?

Answer 8

Pilkington - ethnocentric to view other cultures as inferior.

Question 9

Sewell’s view on lack of male role models for black boys?

Answer 9

they have a lack of fatherly nurture and tough love so struggle to overcome emotional difficulties later on. peer groups compensate for sense of rejection from fathers and society.

Question 10

Sewell’s view on black boys in education?

Answer 10

anti-academic, homophobic, disrespectful, violent and vulnerable to peer pressure due to hypermasculinity.

Question 11

why does black children’s socialisation affect achievement?

Answer 11

not socialised into mainstream culture instilling value of education. fatalistic attitudes.

Question 12

who said that adult authority in asian families models school eg respect?

Answer 12

Lupton.

Question 13

who talks about tiger parents unable to accept failiure?

Answer 13

Chua.

Question 14

What does Strand say about Chinese and Indian culture?

Answer 14

strong emphasis on self improvement, high aspirations and ambitious.

Question 15

AO3 - Chinese students and FSM?

Answer 15

high % of Chinese pupils are on free school meals but perform best.

Question 16

what do berieter and engelmann say about language used by black families?

Answer 16

language used by low income black families is inadequate for educational success. ungrammatical and disjointed.

Question 17

2 things in wider society that may lead to EMs hostility to school?

Answer 17

institutional racism may cause low self esteem or due to high unemployment rates/lowpaid work for black people.

Question 18

who sent out 3 job applications with different names to 1000 jobs?

Answer 18

Wood et al.

Question 19

what did Wood et al’s job application test show?

Answer 19

1/16 EM names given interview compared to 1/9 white names. shows unemployment differences.

Question 20

define institutional racism.

Answer 20

policies/practices in place that treat EMs unfairly.

Question 21

what did gilbourn and youdell find rare?

Answer 21

openly racist teachers.

Question 22

what did gilbourn and youdell find common?

Answer 22

inequalities, less opportunities, more discpilinary for black children.

Question 23

according to G&Y find that teachers expected?

Answer 23

black pupils to have disciplinary problems

Question 24

what did G&Y find that teachers did due to their expectations?

Answer 24

underestimate capabilities of black students (placed in lower sets) and blame for disciplinary problems.

Question 25

what did Wright find that teachers did to Asian girls?

Answer 25

pay less attention, exclude from class discussions, assume they can’t speak english, no attempt to learn correct names.

Question 26

AO3 - Fuller on SFP.

Answer 26

negative labelling doesn’t always lead to SFP as many reject labels.

Question 27

what are Sewell’s 4 responses to negative labelling?

Answer 27

rebels, conformists, retreatists, innovaters (reject school but not education). teachers see all black boys as rebels but it’s only actually a small minority.

Question 28

who found that schools placed low priority on racist bullying?

Answer 28

Hatcher.

Question 29

what is cultural resistance and who’s theory is it?

Answer 29

Mitsos- pupils reject the culture that rejects them in order to construct positive identity for themselves.

Question 30

what does 2000 OFSTED report show about schools?

Answer 30

black students treated more harshly than white and lower expectations.

Question 31

who said that black students are more likely to be placed as hopeless cases in A-C economy?

Answer 31

Gilbourn and Youdell.

Question 32

Mitsos suggests schools do what?

Answer 32

expect black pupils to fail, place in lower streams, many do then fail (SFP).

Question 33

what does ethnocentric curriculum mean?

Answer 33

subjects give priority to european culture, portraying it as superior and alienating other cultures.

Question 34

AO3 of ethnocentric curriculum?

Answer 34

also ignores asian, indian and chinese cultures and these all overachieve.

Question 35

what does stone argue about self esteem?

Answer 35

no evidence that black students actually suffer from low self esteem.

Question 36

what is the interactions effect and who talks about it?

Answer 36

paul connolly- class and gender interact with ethnicity depending on which ethnic group.

Question 37

what has more effect on achivement, class, gender or ethnicty?

Answer 37

class.

Question 38

what happens to black students when schools are oversubscribed?

Answer 38

they are refused and spots are given to other ethnic groups and the ‘high achievers’

Question 39

what are archer’s 3 pupil identities?

Answer 39

ideal pupil (m/c, white, heterosexual)
pathologised pupil (asian, poor, feminised or gay, achieving from hard work not natural)
demonised pupil (black or white, w/c, hypersexualised, unintelligent)

Question 40

what do driver and ballard say about asian families?

Answer 40

high aspirations for children leading to success, high value on education. “asian work ethic”.