Diets,smocking,alcohol and drugs Flashcards
Nutrients
Nutrients are important substances that your body needs to survive and stay healthy. There are lots of different types of nutrients.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates provide energy there are 2 types of carbohydrates. Sugar which can not be stored and is released very quickly and can give you a burst in energy. Starch which can be stored it is released slowly which helps you work for a long time. Some examples of starch is: pasta, bread, rice… Some examples of sugars are sugar…
Lipids
Lipids (fats and oils) provide energy, keep you warm by providing insulation under your skin and also protects organs from damage. Some examples of lipids are cheese,milk and meat…
Protein
Proteins are used for growth and repair some examples of protein is fish, meat, eggs…
Vitamins and minerals
Vitamins and minerals keep you healthy. There are lots of different types of vitamins like vitamin A which keeps your eyesight healthy and vitamin D which keeps your teeth and bones healthy… Some examples of foods which contain vitamins are fruit,vegetables…
Water
Water is needed in all cells and body fluids but it isn’t just water fruit juices, tea, squash… all count.
Fibre
This provides bulk in your foods which helps you to digest and helps prevent constipation. However, Fibre isn’t counted as a nutrient some foods that contain fibre is fruits and vegetables and some carbohydrates.
Food test
This is when you test if a types of food contains a types of nutrients.
Unhealthy diet
An unhealthy diet is a diet which is not balanced and is bad for you.
Starvation
This is when people do not have enough food and they are underweight. Some things that an underweight person could suffer from is health problems like a poor immune system, they could be tired and also can suffer from a lack of minerals and vitamins.
Obesity
This is when a person is extremely overweight because they have been eating to much fatty foods some of the things that they can suffer from is heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers.
Deficiency
This when you lack some kind of vitamin like if you lack vitamin A you will find it hard to see in dim lights and at night and if you lack in vitamin D you could have rickets this is when your bones are weak and your teeth.
The mouth
The teeth and the tongue work together to break down foods there are also enzymes that break down carbohydrates in the mouth into simple sugars.
The oesophagus
The oesophagus has a muscle in its wall. These muscles contract behind the food to push it towards the stomach. This type of wave like muscle contraction is called ‘peristalsis’.
The stomach
Food enters into the stomach through a ring of muscle known as sphincter. In the stomach the food is mixed with acid to kill bacteria and also makes the correct PH for the protein-digesting enzymes to work.
The liver and the gallbladder
After a meal, bile travels along the bile duct and into the small intestine. The bile breaks up the fat food into smaller droplets then can be mixed with watery liquids. This process is called ‘emulsification’
The pancreas
This gland secretes hormones which controls the glucose level in the blood. After eating, glucose tends to rise. This causes insulin to be released which causes excess glucose to be converted to glycogen for storage in the liver. When blood sugars drops, insulin secretion is replaced by glucagon which converts glycogen back into glucose.
The small intestine
The food is kept moving through the small intestines by peristalsis the small intestine is made up of the duodenum and ileum. Bile enters the duodenum after a meal and breaks up the fat into tiny droplets ready for lipases to break it down into simpler substances. Glands in the ileum produce more enzymes to break down the food.
The large intestine
The large intestine is mad up of the colon, appendix and rectum. When foods get to the colon, digestible foods have been broken down and absorbed into the blood. The colons absorbs water into the blood and the undigestible materiel becomes more solid. Semi-solid materiel (faeces) collects in the rectum before leaving the body via the anus.
Bacteria in digestion
These bacterias live in our large intestines they live on fibre and they make good vitamins like vitamin K which keeps us healthy and some foods like probiotic foods like yogurt contain these bacterias.
Drugs
Drugs are chemical substances that affect the way your body works. They altar the chemical reactions that take place inside your body. Sometimes the changes are helpful but in many cases they are harmful.
The two types of drugs
There are two types of drugs- medicinal drugs and recreational drugs.
Medical drugs
Medical drugs are used in medicine. They benefit your health in some way
