Diets

Question 1

Low FODMAP

Answer 1

• For IBS - these are all normally not fully absorbed so remainder –> colon and causes cramps, has, diarrhea
• Fermentable oligo, di, monosaccharides and polyols
  • Oligo = fructans (short chain fructose w/ glucose on end) in wheats, rye, grain, asparagus, onion, garlics, leeks and galactans (short chain sucrose w/ galactose units) in legumes
  • Di = lactose (glucose and galactose)
  • Mono = fructose (overwhelms GLUT5)
  • Polyols = substances that add sweetness (in some natural fruits and veggies) and sugar alcohols (ethylene glycol, glycerin, sucrose, xylitol, erythritol)

Question 2

Catabolic Patients

Answer 2

(cancer, tb, amyloidosis, CF, COPD)

• Goal = gain wt so calorie-dense foods but often little appetite
• 6-8 small meals all w/ protein source
• Nutrient-rich foods (whole grains, veggies, fruits, dairy, nuts, seeds)
• Drink calories - smoothies and shakes w/ protein powder or flax seed meal
• Add condensed milk, half and half or coconut milt to recipes
• Fats (oil, real butter, cheese)

Question 3

Revigor

Answer 3

glutamine, arginine, Ca beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplement

-For wound healing

Question 4

Short Bowel Syndrome

Answer 4

(2/3 small intestine removed)

• Problems w/ absorption depending on what part is removed
• Avoid simple carbs and fats; eat more complex carbs and fiber

Question 5

Low Residue Diet

Answer 5

• Dec fiber to dec frequency and size of stools by delivering less indigestable material to colon
• Used in - GI surgery, chemo or radiation, IBD, gastroparesis
• Avoid… breads, cereals, brown rice, potato skins, prunes, berries, raisins, raw veggies, yogurt, beans, peas, lentils, corn, popcorn, etc

Question 6

Weight Watchers

Answer 6

portion control by assigning points based on calories and carbs, fat, protein, fiber

normal carbs, low fat, restrict calories

Obsessed w/ points

Question 7

Jenny Craig v. Nutrisystem

Answer 7

JC - pre-packaged meals and supplement w/ fruits and veggies and low fat dairy
50-60% carbs, 20-25% fats, calorie restriction

Nutrisystem - pre-packaged low Na, high fiber, no transfat -3 plan levels; EXPENSIVE

55% carbs, 20% fats, calorie restriction

Cons to both = do not know how to prep own food; processed; limited selection

Question 8

Ornish Diet

Answer 8

Vegan diet for heart disease; no meat, dairy, caffeine and limited sugar

-18 4hr sessions + relaxation, exercise, vit supplements

70-75% complex carbs, very low fats <10% (avoid avocado, oils, nuts, high fat dairy), no calorie restriction

RISKS - lower HDL, inc triglycerides, ignores essential FAs, too strict/ unpalatable, vegetarians must be careful of iron, Ca, Vit D and Vit B12, zinc, protein def

Question 9

Atkins v. South Beach

Answer 9

BOTH KETOGENIC (high fat and protein to dec appetite and use more fat for energy)

Neither restricts total calories

Cons to both = very high in fat and may lack vitamins/nutrients + dehydration, constipation, inc chol, kidney stones

Atkins - very low carbs; 4 stages (start w/ minimal carbs and slowly inc a little)

South Beach -very low carbs; looks at sugar content of carbs rather than total grams of carbs; high fat but bans “unhealthy fats”