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HE > Dietary Disorders > Flashcards

Dietary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Explain an unbalanced diet

A

A diet which has too much or too little of a particular nutrient.

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2
Q

Explain a dietary disorder

A

A health problem which is caused by having an unbalanced diet.

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3
Q

Explain what lifestyle means

A

How we lead our lives

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4
Q

Describe the term modifiable

A

This describes risk factors that can be changed or altered.

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5
Q

Define the term non modifiable

A

This describes risk factors that cannot be changed or altered

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6
Q

Describe the term risk factor

A

Something that increases your chances of getting disease

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7
Q

Describe the term physical health

A

This relates to the body and it’s functioning

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8
Q

Describe the term diet

A

The food that we eat

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9
Q

Describe the term strategy

A

A careful plan or method

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10
Q

Describe the term mental health

A

This relates to our emotional health

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11
Q

8 tips for eating well

A

Base your meals on starchy food, eat lots of fruit and veg, eat more fish including oily fish once a week, cut down on Saturated fat and sugar, try to eat less salt, no more than 6g a day, get active and try to be a healthy weight, drink plenty of water and don’t skip breakfast.

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12
Q

What can an unbalanced diet lead to?

A

Dietary disorders

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13
Q

What is one of the most common dietary disorders in the UK?

A

Overweight and obesity

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14
Q

Overweight and obesity are defined as…

A

Excessive fat accumulated that may impact health. The rates of overweight and obesity in Northern Ireland and around the world have increased significantly in recent years.

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15
Q

What is energy balance?

A

When our energy balance is even, our energy output are equal. This is Important, as when we ‘burn off’cuse. All the calories that we consume, our weight is likely to remain the same. However, if we consume more calories than we ‘burn off’ then we are likely to put on weight.

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16
Q

Physical health issues of dietary disorder

A

High blood pressure, respiratory problems. Type 2 diabetes coronary heart disease. Lack of mobility. Lack of stamina/fitness.

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17
Q

Mental health issues with dietary disorders.

A

Anxiety, self confidence issues, limited self confidence, self esteem, depression, relationship problems.

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18
Q

How to avoid being obese?

A

Eat healthy and exercise.

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19
Q

Follow a Healthy diet-

A

Use the eat well plate and 8 tips as a starting point. Also eat foods which are high in fibre which keep us fuller for longer.

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20
Q

Keep our energy balance even-

A

If our energy input and output are equal. We are less likely to put on weight.

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21
Q

Portion control-

A

We need to be aware of how much bad we are eating. If we stick to the appropriate portion sizes for each meal we are less likely to put on weight.

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22
Q

Exercise more-

A

Exercise burns calories and increases over energy output

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23
Q

How many minutes is the recommended time an adolescent should do per week?

A

60 minutes per day

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24
Q

What could u swap tayto crisps with to make it a healthier alternative?

A

Walkers baked crisps

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25
Q

What could u swap full fat cheddar with to make it a healthier alternative?

A

Low fat cheddar cheese

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26
Q

What could u swap butter with to make it an healthier alternative?

A

Low fat spread

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27
Q

What could u swap whole milk with to make it a healthier alternative?

A

Semi skimmed milk

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28
Q

What could u swap coco pops with to make It an healthier alternative?

A

Weetabix

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29
Q

What could you swap doughnuts, cookies, muffins with to make it an healthier alternative?

A

Fruit salad pots

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30
Q

What could u swap Coca Cola with to make it a healthier alternative?

A

Water

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31
Q

What is the maximum sugar a teenager should consume per day?

A

7 cubes per day

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32
Q

Explain intrinsic sugar

A

Intrinsic sugar is found Intact/whole fruit and vegetables. This type is contained inside the cell walls and therefore does not impact dental health, overweight and obesity.

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33
Q

Explain free sugars

A

Free sugars are sugars found in sweets, cakes, frosted breakfast cereal etc, it is also found in fruit juice and smoothies because during processing the sugar is realised from the cells.

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34
Q

What do free sugars cause?

A

Tooth decay and overweight/obesity

35
Q

How many fruit and vegetables should you have per day?

A

5

36
Q

Why do nutritionists suggest that you don’t drink more than one small glass of fruit juice per day?

A

Fruit can contain a high percentage of sugar in its cells. When processed into a fruit sugar is realised(free sugars) a variety of fruit and vegetables is required in order to increase the range of nutrients consumed.

37
Q

What is cardiovascular disease?

A

Cardiovascular disease is a general term for conditions affecting the heart of blood vessels.

38
Q

When does cardiovascular disease occur?

A

It occurs when one or more of the coronary arteries is narrowed or blocked with fatty deposits/cholesterol. CVD can often be prevented and there are many things that people can do to protect their heart and keep it healthy.

39
Q

In 2014/2015, 4132 people in Northern Ireland were admitted to hospital with a heart attack. This is approximately how many people people per day?

A

11

40
Q

What is the name of the medical event that occurs when an artery to the brain becomes blocked?

A

Stroke

41
Q

How can cardiovascular disease occur?

A

When one or more of the coronary arteries get blocked with either fatty deposits or cholesterol.

42
Q

What are the 2 non modifiable risks of developing CVD.

A

Gender(being male)

Getting order or family history

43
Q

Explain why eating too much saturated fat is a risk factor

A

Increased cholesterol levels increase the risk of CVD.

44
Q

Explain why eating too much salt can be a risk factor

A

Increased blood pressure which increases the risk of CVD

45
Q

Explain why too much alcohol is a risk factor

A

Damages heart muscle leasing to increased blood pressure and weight gain which increases the risk of CVD.

46
Q

Explain why smoking is a risk factor of CVD

A

Smoking doubles the risk of CVD. Damages the lining of the artery walls causing buildup of more fatty deposits. Nicotine causes the body to produce adrenaline which increases blood pressure. Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen carried to the heart. Smoking makes blood more likely to clot.

47
Q

Explain why the lack of physical activity can be a risk factor?

A

Heart muscle does not function properly. Exercise reduces blood pressure which reduces the risk of CVD. Also with obesity.

48
Q

What is the Mediterranean diet?

A

A Mediterranean diet incorporates the traditional healthy eating habits of people bordering the Mediterranean Sea and is similar to the governments healthy eating advice as set in our eatwell guide

49
Q

What has the Mediterranean diet been associated with?

A

The Mediterranean diet has been associated with a better quality of life and good health, including a healthier heart a longer lifespan and good weight management.

50
Q

Fill in blank- A 2013 study found that people on a Mediterranean diet had a %risk of heart disease and stroke.

A

30

51
Q

What foods make up a Mediterranean diet?

A
  1. More fruit and veg, whole grain breads and cereals, nuts, pulses, seeds and fish.
  2. Less saturated fat from red meat and dairy foods
  3. Moderate alcohol assumption
  4. High levels of sunshine, more oily fish (and therefore more vitamin D)
52
Q

Oily fish

A

It contains a special type of unsaturated fat Called omega 3 which reduces the likelihood of a blood clot in an artery

53
Q

Fruit and vegetables

A

They are naturally low in fat/calories and contain antioxidant vitamins which reduce the risk of CVD. They also contain a type of fibre which reduces the levels of cholesterol in the blood.

54
Q

Whole grain foods-

A

these foods fill us up and reduce snacking and therefore overweight and obesity. This reduces the strain put on the heart when pumping blood around the body.

55
Q

Olive oil-

A

Provides monounsaturated fat which is thought to reduce the risk of CVD.

56
Q

The growth of strong bones depends on

A

Good supply of calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus and protein. The more of these nutrients that are deposited in bones during childhood and adolescence and stronger the bones will be.

57
Q

When do girls reach there peak bone mass?

And boys?

A

18

20

58
Q

After the age of 18 and 20?

A

After this age, bone mass gradually decreases and the risk of fractures and osteoporosis in later life is increased

59
Q

Increasing peak done mass can be achieved by

A

ensuring adequate intakes of vitamin D and calcium and by taking regular weight bearing activity for example walking.

60
Q

It is also necessary to limit

A

Alcohol intake and avoid smoking

61
Q

Write down two non dairy foods

A

White flour dried fruit also pulses and canned fish with bones

62
Q

A state why vitamin D is important for healthy bones

A

It is required to help absorb calcium from food

63
Q

List 3 good dietary sources of vitamin D

A

Oily fish or dairy products

64
Q

Vitamin D is made?

A

Under the skin when it is exposed to sunlight

65
Q

What is diabetes?

A

Is a condition in which the amount of sugar in the blood is too high for too long. Blood glucose levels are controlled by insulin which is produced by the pancreas. If not enough insulin is produced or it does not work properly, glucose levels rise and the individual will be diagnosed as having diabetes. A person who has diabetes is also known as a diabetic.

66
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

This types of diabetes occurs when the body this isn’t able to produce any insulin it is managed by insulin injections more likely in people under 40.

67
Q

Type 2 diabetes?

A

Occurs when the body produces some insult. But not enough. It is controlled by diet and insulin tablets/injection. Unlike type 1, this occurs in people over 40

68
Q

Why is Diabetes increasing?

A

Closely linked with obesity which is also on the increase. More leisure times spent on sedentary hobbies, great awareness of symptoms leading in an increase in Diagnosis.

69
Q

Describe the main aim for a type 1 diabetic

A

The main aim for both diabetic is to achieve normal levels of blood glucose.

70
Q

How is diabetes treated?

A

Life chances

71
Q

How many people have type 2 diabetes

A

90%

72
Q

During digestion what does the body produce?

A

Glucose (sugar)

73
Q

Dietary advice and lifestyle advice

A

Low in fat especially saturated, low in sugar free sugars making blood sugar levels rise high, low in salt, plenty of fruit and vegetables, wide variety of foods, regular physical activity, avoiding alcohol and smoking.

74
Q

What is coeliac disease?

A

This is a condition that occurs when the body reacts to a protein called gluten. Found in cereals such as wheat and barley. When the body cannot tolerate thus protein it means that the villi In the small intestine are not formed properly. As a result of his, an individual will not be able to absorb nutrients properly.

75
Q

The villi become damaged …

A

In a coeliac

76
Q

Where is gluten found ?

A

Wheat, barley, oats and rye. There cereals are found in a wide variety of foods. Some foods are obvious eg. Bread and breakfast cereals.

77
Q

Some gluten is hidden in composite foods (containing a mixture of animal) eg…

A

Soup, sausages, gravy and or plant foods

78
Q

Symptoms of coeliac disease

A

Nausea, tiredness, constipation and reduced growth in children.

79
Q

Gluten free foods

A

Rice, nuts, potatoes, pulses, corn, meat fish and poultry, fruit and veg, gluten free pasta bread and other products.

80
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Osteoporosis (also known as brittle bone disease) is a condition that weakens the bones, making them more likely to break.

81
Q

Significance of peak bone mass

A

Peak bone mass is when our bones are at their hardest , strongest, it is achieved at girls at around 18 and boys around 20.

82
Q

Dietary risk factors of osteoporosis

A

A diet low in calcium, and vitamin d may increase the risk of developing osteoporosis.

83
Q

Lifestyle risks of osteoporosis

A

Smoking, high alcohol intake, lack of load bearing exercise, increased age, family history, being overweight.

84
Q

Reducing the risk of osteoporosis

A

Include calcium and vitamin D in our diet (vit D helps to absorb calcium)avoid smoking (smoking inhabits the absorption of calcium). Limit alcohol intake. Take part in weight baring exercise eg walking football hockey etc

HE (1 decks)

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