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Research Methods Nutrition > dietary assessment > Flashcards

dietary assessment Flashcards

1
Q

what is a nutritional assessment

A

An evaluation of data related to an individual’s food and nutrient intake, lifestyle and medical history books. Combined interpretation of

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2
Q

what is a nutritional assessment for?

A
  • determines the nutritional status of individuals OR population groups as influenced by the intake and utilization of nutrients

Nutritional assessment systems help define:

  • the different levels of nutrient status
  • the different stages in the development of nutritional deficiencies

Dietary assessment is only one component of a complete nutritional assessment!

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3
Q

describe a scheme for the development of a nutritional deficiency

A
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4
Q

name 5 Nutritional assessment: methods

A

Dietary methods

Biochemical methods

Anthropometric methods

Clinical methods

Ecological factors

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5
Q

when would you use a dietary assessment

A

Assessment of the first stage of a nutritional deficiency

Inadequate nutrient intake because of:

primary deficiency (low levels in the diet)

secondary deficiency (dietary intake seems to be adequate but conditioning factors (drugs, disease, dietary composition) interfere with absorption or utilization of nutrients)

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6
Q

when would you use a biochemical method

A

looking for a known phonomenom

  • Nutritional markers (nutrients in biological fluids/tissues)
  • Functional biochemical tests (e.g. assessment of the activity of nutrient dependent enzymes, e.g. glutathione peroxidase for Se)
  • Functional physiological tests to assess consequences of the deficiency of a nutrient (e.g. papillary threshold for Vit A deficiency)
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7
Q

What are Anthropometric methods used for

A
  • Physical dimension and body composition
  • Assessment of chronic imbalances (e.g. SEM, overweight)
  • Provide information on nutritional history ????
  • Easy, reliable and quick measurements with portable equipment
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8
Q

what can be gleaned from Clinical methods

A
  • Detection of malnutrition symptoms using medical history and physical
  • examination
  • Often non-specific symptoms which develop during later stages of a nutritional deficiency
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9
Q

what Ecological factors may play a role in nutritional assessment

A

Ecological factors:

  • household composition,
  • education,
  • income,
  • literacy,
  • ethnicity,
  • religion,
  • water supply, sanitat
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10
Q

give an exmple of a nutritional assessment of Vit a

A
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11
Q

describe the physiological stages of iodine deficiency

A
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12
Q

what are the types of dietary assessment

A
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13
Q

Dietary assessment: what are the Levels of objectives

A
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14
Q

how can you assess Food consumption at the national level?

A

Food Balance sheets

  • Data on foods available for consumption and food supply within a country
  • Data usually given per capita for the total population
  • Published by FAO annually for around 200 countries
  • Based on annual production of food, changes in stocks, imports and exports
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15
Q

how is food available for consumption on a balance sheet developed’

A
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16
Q

what are balance sheets used for

A
  • Comparison of food supply between countries
  • Examination of associations between nutrition and
  • mortality on a national level
  • Information used in the discussion of agricultural policies concerned with food consumption and distribution
  • Analyze national trends in food consumption over time
  • By looking at individual nutrients: identification of at risk populations
17
Q

what are Possible problems with Food Balance Sheets

A
  • Estimation of waste is difficult: waste on the farm and during processing and distribution is taken into account, but not waste at the household level.
  • Per capita food availability is based on population estimates. Tourists and seasonal workers may not be taken into account.
  • No information on food consumption in relation to regional, economic, demographic or socioeconomic differences within a country
18
Q

what is Household food consumption ?

A

Household food consumption is the amount of food and beverages available for consumption in the household, family, group or institution, usually excluding everything eaten away from home

19
Q

what methods can be used for household food consumption

A

Different methods can be used:Food account method

  • Household food record method
  • Household 24-hour recall method
  • Food account method
20
Q

what is the food account method pros and cons

A

Food account method

Daily record of all food entering the household(purchased, received as gifts, produced) during a specified period (usually 7 days)

Traditionally food consumed outside the home has not been taken into consideration, with changing lifestyle adaptations have been made

Advantages:

  • Low burden, inexpensive,
  • no alteration of food habits
  • High response rate,
  • large sample size possible

Disadvantages:

  • Does not measure food actually eaten
  • No information of intakes at the individual level
21
Q

what is a household food record?

A

Household food record method

  • Daily record of the food actually eaten by the household during a specified period (usually 1 week) completed by the head of household or a fieldworker
  • Separate record of weight or volume of each food consumed in the whole household
  • Detailed description of all foods (including brand names) and of preparation methods
  • Generally no recording of waste, but use of an arbitrary waste factor of 10% of all edible portions
  • Recording of number of household members or guests eating each meal and calculation of food intake per person (weighted according to age and sex of each person)
22
Q

what are the

A
23
Q

How to calculate food intake per person: man value?

A

How to calculate food intake per person: man value

 The man value is weighted according to age and sex of each

household member

 Rome scale: males >14 y: 1.0; females > 11 y and boys 11-14 y: 0.9; children 7-10 y: 0.75; children 4-6 y: 0.4; children < 4 y: 0.15

 Amount of food consumed by entire household is divided by the total man value of the household

Research Methods Nutrition (3 decks)

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