dietary assessment Flashcards
what is a nutritional assessment
An evaluation of data related to an individual’s food and nutrient intake, lifestyle and medical history books. Combined interpretation of
what is a nutritional assessment for?
- determines the nutritional status of individuals OR population groups as influenced by the intake and utilization of nutrients
Nutritional assessment systems help define:
- the different levels of nutrient status
- the different stages in the development of nutritional deficiencies
Dietary assessment is only one component of a complete nutritional assessment!
describe a scheme for the development of a nutritional deficiency
name 5 Nutritional assessment: methods
Dietary methods
Biochemical methods
Anthropometric methods
Clinical methods
Ecological factors
when would you use a dietary assessment
Assessment of the first stage of a nutritional deficiency
Inadequate nutrient intake because of:
primary deficiency (low levels in the diet)
secondary deficiency (dietary intake seems to be adequate but conditioning factors (drugs, disease, dietary composition) interfere with absorption or utilization of nutrients)
when would you use a biochemical method
looking for a known phonomenom
- Nutritional markers (nutrients in biological fluids/tissues)
- Functional biochemical tests (e.g. assessment of the activity of nutrient dependent enzymes, e.g. glutathione peroxidase for Se)
- Functional physiological tests to assess consequences of the deficiency of a nutrient (e.g. papillary threshold for Vit A deficiency)
What are Anthropometric methods used for
- Physical dimension and body composition
- Assessment of chronic imbalances (e.g. SEM, overweight)
- Provide information on nutritional history ????
- Easy, reliable and quick measurements with portable equipment
what can be gleaned from Clinical methods
- Detection of malnutrition symptoms using medical history and physical
- examination
- Often non-specific symptoms which develop during later stages of a nutritional deficiency
what Ecological factors may play a role in nutritional assessment
Ecological factors:
- household composition,
- education,
- income,
- literacy,
- ethnicity,
- religion,
- water supply, sanitat
give an exmple of a nutritional assessment of Vit a
describe the physiological stages of iodine deficiency
what are the types of dietary assessment
Dietary assessment: what are the Levels of objectives
how can you assess Food consumption at the national level?
Food Balance sheets
- Data on foods available for consumption and food supply within a country
- Data usually given per capita for the total population
- Published by FAO annually for around 200 countries
- Based on annual production of food, changes in stocks, imports and exports
how is food available for consumption on a balance sheet developed’
what are balance sheets used for
- Comparison of food supply between countries
- Examination of associations between nutrition and
- mortality on a national level
- Information used in the discussion of agricultural policies concerned with food consumption and distribution
- Analyze national trends in food consumption over time
- By looking at individual nutrients: identification of at risk populations
what are Possible problems with Food Balance Sheets
- Estimation of waste is difficult: waste on the farm and during processing and distribution is taken into account, but not waste at the household level.
- Per capita food availability is based on population estimates. Tourists and seasonal workers may not be taken into account.
- No information on food consumption in relation to regional, economic, demographic or socioeconomic differences within a country
what is Household food consumption ?
Household food consumption is the amount of food and beverages available for consumption in the household, family, group or institution, usually excluding everything eaten away from home
what methods can be used for household food consumption
Different methods can be used:Food account method
- Household food record method
- Household 24-hour recall method
- Food account method
what is the food account method pros and cons
Food account method
Daily record of all food entering the household(purchased, received as gifts, produced) during a specified period (usually 7 days)
Traditionally food consumed outside the home has not been taken into consideration, with changing lifestyle adaptations have been made
Advantages:
- Low burden, inexpensive,
- no alteration of food habits
- High response rate,
- large sample size possible
Disadvantages:
- Does not measure food actually eaten
- No information of intakes at the individual level
what is a household food record?
Household food record method
- Daily record of the food actually eaten by the household during a specified period (usually 1 week) completed by the head of household or a fieldworker
- Separate record of weight or volume of each food consumed in the whole household
- Detailed description of all foods (including brand names) and of preparation methods
- Generally no recording of waste, but use of an arbitrary waste factor of 10% of all edible portions
- Recording of number of household members or guests eating each meal and calculation of food intake per person (weighted according to age and sex of each person)
what are the
How to calculate food intake per person: man value?
How to calculate food intake per person: man value
The man value is weighted according to age and sex of each
household member
Rome scale: males >14 y: 1.0; females > 11 y and boys 11-14 y: 0.9; children 7-10 y: 0.75; children 4-6 y: 0.4; children < 4 y: 0.15
Amount of food consumed by entire household is divided by the total man value of the household
