Diet Through Life

Question 1

Name the key stages in life

Answer 1

Infancy (don’t need to know for exam)
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Older adults

Question 2

What does BMR stand for? What is it?

Answer 2

Basal Metabolic Rate. The amount of kilocalories (energy) you need to live for 24 hours when resting and warm

Question 3

Name the factors affecting BMR

Answer 3

Gender
Age (life stage)
Body size
Physical activity level (PAL) - you must know the abbreviation for your exam

Question 4

Which two categories do we split children into? Which ages are these?

Answer 4

Pre-school (1-4)

Children (5-12)

Question 5

Give three points about a Pre-schooler’s diet

Answer 5

Rapid body growth and development
Use lots of energy through high activity levels
Small, regular meals
Trying new foods is important but shouldn’t be forced
Eat until full rather than over-eating
Eating should be a fun experience

Question 6

Give three points about children’s (5-12) diet

Answer 6

Growth continues in ‘spurts’
Should be physically active most of the time but the use of computers and television can lead to weight gain and obesity
Encourage a balanced diet using the Eatwell Guide
Eat regular meals and get the involved in shopping and cooking the family meals

Question 7

Give three points about dental hygiene

Answer 7

Pay attention to brushing to avoid dental caries
Avoid sugary foods/drinks - eat them with a meal rather than between as more saliva is produced so it helps to protect teeth
Brushing teeth twice a day and regular dental visits are important

Question 8

Give two points about the adolescent diet

Answer 8

Rapid growth and development - puberty also occurs

The demand for energy and most nutrients are real actively high

Question 9

What is different about an adolescent male’s and an adolescent female’s diet? Give reasons for each difference

Answer 9

Boys need more protein than girls because they have naturally more muscle
Boys need more calcium than girls as they are naturally bigger than girls so they have larger bones
Girls need more iron than boys because they need to replace. Menstrual losses. Vitamin C also helps to absorb iron from plant sources

Question 10

Give three points about an adult’s diet

Answer 10

No longer growing
There is little change in nutritional needs from adolescence except for during pregnancy and lactation
A balanced diet is still important
Poor diet can lead to obesity, coronary heart disease (CHD), some cancers and diabetes

Question 11

Give three points about an older adult’s diet

Answer 11

Requirements for energy gradually decrease over 50 because they generally use less energy
Bones become weaker - osteoporosis can become a problem
Digestive system is slower - fiber and fluids can help avoid constipation and bowel disease
Important to keep hydrated. Even minor dehydration can lead to health problems

Question 12

At what age are adults classed as older adults?

Answer 12

65+